{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T16:58:43Z","timestamp":1791478723532,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,22]],"date-time":"2024-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729555200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Al alloy melting behavior and interfacial reactions during the steelmaking process of high-Al automotive steel were investigated in this study. The total dissolution time of Al bars (20 \u00d7 20 \u00d7 80 mm) in molten steel was quite short, decreasing from 21.4 s to 10.0 s with an increase in bath temperature from 1580 to 1620 \u00b0C. The Al alloy melting process at the molten steel temperature of 1600 \u00b0C included the formation of a solidified steel layer, the latter\u2019s rapid melting, and Al alloy normal melting, while at 1600 \u00b0C, the process included a second increase in the thickness of the solidified layer. Because steel elements such as [Fe], [C], [O], and [N] could diffuse during the whole Al alloy melting process, an Fe (Al)-FeAl-FeAl2-Fe2Al5-Al diffusion layer along the direction of the Al-rich matrix could be found at the Fe\u2013Al interface. Moreover, FexO, Al2O3, and unstable AlN inclusions could be observed in the FeAl layer. This study also investigated how to reduce the number of these easily formed inclusions. Decreasing the pre-heating process time and dissolved oxygen content could be useful in decreasing FexO and Al2O3 inclusion formation. Some small-sized AlN inclusions formed in the center of the Al bars where they could not come into contact with the molten steel directly during the melting process; even for the immersion time of only 1 second, these inclusions were not stable in molten steel at the refining temperature and disappeared during the melting process.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma17215140","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,22]],"date-time":"2024-10-22T06:11:25Z","timestamp":1729577485000},"page":"5140","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Al Alloy Melting Behavior and Interfacial Reactions with Steel Under Natural Convection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Shen-yang","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"843","article-title":"Current opinion in medium manganese steel","volume":"31","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mater. 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