{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T06:24:50Z","timestamp":1790749490827,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,25]],"date-time":"2024-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729814400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2022R1A2C1009516"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2022R1A2C1009516"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2023-00220471"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2023-00220471"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KITECH EH-24-0003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KITECH EH-24-0003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003695","name":"Korea Institute of Industrial Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2022R1A2C1009516"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2022R1A2C1009516"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003695","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003695","name":"Korea Institute of Industrial Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2023-00220471"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2023-00220471"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003695","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003695","name":"Korea Institute of Industrial Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KITECH EH-24-0003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KITECH EH-24-0003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003695","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Current-induced field-free magnetic switching using spin\u2013orbit torque has been an important topic for decades due to both academic and industrial interest. Most research has focused on introducing symmetry breakers, such as geometrical and compositional variation, pinned layers, and symmetry-broken crystal structures, which add complexity to the magnetic structure and fabrication process. We designed a relatively simple magnetic structure, composed of a [Co\/Pt] multilayer and a Co layer with perpendicular and in-plane magnetic anisotropy, respectively, with a Cu layer between them. Current-induced deterministic magnetic switching was observed in this magnetic system. The system is advantageous due to its easy control of the parameters to achieve the optimal condition for magnetic switching. The balance between magnetic anisotropic strength and interlayer coupling strength is found to provide the optimal condition. This simple design and easy adjustability open various possibilities for magnetic structures in spin-based electronics applications using spin\u2013orbit torque.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma17215214","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,28]],"date-time":"2024-10-28T07:47:18Z","timestamp":1730101638000},"page":"5214","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Current-Induced Field-Free Switching of Co\/Pt Multilayer via Modulation of Interlayer Exchange Coupling and Magnetic Anisotropy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7420-969X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Byungro","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Energy and Nano R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Cheomdangwagi-ro 208-gil, Buk-gu, Gwagju 61012, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongpyo","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3418-5480","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seungha","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Energy and Nano R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Cheomdangwagi-ro 208-gil, Buk-gu, Gwagju 61012, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Songhee","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Navigation Science, Mokpo National Maritime University, Mokpo 58628, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taeheon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electro-Medical Equipment Research Division, Applied Electromagnetic Wave Research Center, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beongki","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10309","article-title":"Perpendicular switching of a single ferromagnetic layer induced by in-plane current injection","volume":"476","author":"Miron","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat3311","article-title":"Current-induced torques in magnetic materials","volume":"11","author":"Brataas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. 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