{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T22:06:00Z","timestamp":1790114760856,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]],"date-time":"2024-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730332800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"MUR and EU-FSE","award":["1061\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1061\/2021"]}]},{"name":"MUR and EU-FSE","award":["PE_00000004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PE_00000004"]}]},{"name":"MUR and EU-FSE","award":["CUP B83C22004890007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CUP B83C22004890007"]}]},{"name":"MUR and EU-FSE","award":["2022NW4P2T"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022NW4P2T"]}]},{"name":"MUR and EU-FSE","award":["CUP 27716.29122023.042000059_2113"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CUP 27716.29122023.042000059_2113"]}]},{"name":"European Union","award":["1061\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1061\/2021"]}]},{"name":"European Union","award":["PE_00000004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PE_00000004"]}]},{"name":"European Union","award":["CUP B83C22004890007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CUP B83C22004890007"]}]},{"name":"European Union","award":["2022NW4P2T"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022NW4P2T"]}]},{"name":"European Union","award":["CUP 27716.29122023.042000059_2113"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CUP 27716.29122023.042000059_2113"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of University ad Research (MUR)","award":["1061\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1061\/2021"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of University ad Research (MUR)","award":["PE_00000004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PE_00000004"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of University ad Research (MUR)","award":["CUP B83C22004890007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CUP B83C22004890007"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of University ad Research (MUR)","award":["2022NW4P2T"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022NW4P2T"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of University ad Research (MUR)","award":["CUP 27716.29122023.042000059_2113"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CUP 27716.29122023.042000059_2113"]}]},{"name":"Regione Toscana PR FESR 2021\/2024-azione 1.1.4.1","award":["1061\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1061\/2021"]}]},{"name":"Regione Toscana PR FESR 2021\/2024-azione 1.1.4.1","award":["PE_00000004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PE_00000004"]}]},{"name":"Regione Toscana PR FESR 2021\/2024-azione 1.1.4.1","award":["CUP B83C22004890007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CUP B83C22004890007"]}]},{"name":"Regione Toscana PR FESR 2021\/2024-azione 1.1.4.1","award":["2022NW4P2T"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022NW4P2T"]}]},{"name":"Regione Toscana PR FESR 2021\/2024-azione 1.1.4.1","award":["CUP 27716.29122023.042000059_2113"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CUP 27716.29122023.042000059_2113"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pulsed current has proven to be a promising alternative to direct current in electrochemical deposition, offering numerous advantages regarding deposit quality and properties. Concerning the electrodeposition of metal alloys, the role of pulsed current techniques may vary depending on the specific metals involved. We studied an innovative tin\u2013ruthenium electroplating bath used as an anti-corrosive layer for decorative applications. The bath represents a more environmentally and economically viable alternative to nickel and palladium formulations. The samples obtained using both direct and pulsed currents were analyzed using various techniques to observe any differences in thickness, color, composition, and morphology of the deposits depending on the pulsed current waveform used for deposition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma17215326","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]],"date-time":"2024-10-31T09:57:36Z","timestamp":1730368656000},"page":"5326","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Electrodeposition of Sn-Ru Alloys by Using Direct, Pulsed, and Pulsed Reverse Current for Decorative Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7409-1337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margherita","family":"Verrucchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry \u201cUgo Schiff\u201d, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9305-130X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulio","family":"Mazzoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry \u201cUgo Schiff\u201d, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Comparini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Valmet Plating Srl, Via Erbosa 5, 50041 Calenzano, FI, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberta","family":"Emanuele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Valmet Plating Srl, Via Erbosa 5, 50041 Calenzano, FI, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0682-7976","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Bonechi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry \u201cUgo Schiff\u201d, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy"},{"name":"National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, FI, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"Del Pace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Valmet Plating Srl, Via Erbosa 5, 50041 Calenzano, FI, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9949-3751","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Walter","family":"Giurlani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry \u201cUgo Schiff\u201d, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy"},{"name":"National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, FI, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1183-2406","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudio","family":"Fontanesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, FI, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Engineering \u201cEnzo Ferrari\u201d (DIEF), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Vivarelli 10, 41125 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3942-2521","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Remigiusz","family":"Kowalik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Non-Ferrous Metals, AGH University of Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1044-5583","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Massimo","family":"Innocenti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry \u201cUgo Schiff\u201d, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy"},{"name":"National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, FI, Italy"},{"name":"National Research Council-Organometallic Compounds Chemistry Institute (CNR-ICCOM), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy"},{"name":"Center for Colloid and Surface Science (CSGI), Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101780","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resourpol.2020.101780","article-title":"Is palladium price in bubble?","volume":"68","author":"Khan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Resour. 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