{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T18:08:28Z","timestamp":1788804508284,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,4]],"date-time":"2024-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730678400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior\u2014Brasil (CAPES)","award":["88887.369920\/2019-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["88887.369920\/2019-00"]}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior\u2014Brasil (CAPES)","award":["RSPD2024R790"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSPD2024R790"]}]},{"name":"King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","award":["88887.369920\/2019-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["88887.369920\/2019-00"]}]},{"name":"King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","award":["RSPD2024R790"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSPD2024R790"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study investigated the combined effects of adding niobium\u2013fluoride (NbF5) nanoparticles to a pit-and-fissure sealant. One resin sealant was reinforced with varying amounts of nanoparticles (0.3, 0.6, and 0.9 wt%). The surface hardness (SH), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), surface roughness (Ra), color change (\u0394E), and mineral deposition were assessed. Bovine enamel blocks were subjected to demineralization and pH-cycling for SH. The elemental composition and Ca\/P ratio were evaluated using EDX, while the mineral deposition was measured using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey\u2019s test for the SH and EDX, \u0394E, and Kruskal\u2013Wallis for the Ra. The NbF5 modification increased the SH, with the 0.9 wt% sealant exhibiting higher SH values, and the 0.3 wt% one exhibiting significant differences compared to the control and the 0.9 wt% (p = 0.00) samples, even after pH-cycling. For the EDX analysis, the 0.3 and 0.6 wt% samples exhibited higher Ca\/P ratios, with the 0.3% one showing evidence of P-O crystal formation. There was no significant difference in the Ra (p = 0.458), and the 0.6 and 0.9 wt% ones showed lower \u0394E values compared to the control. The 0.3 wt% NbF5 demonstrated improved overall properties, making these results particularly promising for preventing tooth decay, reducing demineralization through increased ions release and promoting remineralization in posterior teeth.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma17215378","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,4]],"date-time":"2024-11-04T10:57:20Z","timestamp":1730717840000},"page":"5378","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Physical\u2013Mechanical Properties and Mineral Deposition of a Pit-and-Fissure Sealant Containing Niobium\u2013Fluoride Nanoparticles\u2014An In Vitro Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9298-1114","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alyssa Teixeira","family":"Obeid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Alameda Oct\u00e1vio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru 17012-901, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3461-2318","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tatiana Rita de Lima","family":"Nascimento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Alameda Oct\u00e1vio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru 17012-901, SP, Brazil"},{"name":"Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, IFW-Dresden e.V., Helmholtzstra\u00dfe 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos Alberto Spironelli","family":"Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Former Head of Endodontics Department, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafael Francisco Lia","family":"Mondelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Alameda Oct\u00e1vio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru 17012-901, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6768-2670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandra Nara de Souza","family":"Rastelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, S\u00e3o Paulo State University\u2014UNESP, 1680 Humait\u00e1 Street\u20133rd floor, Araraquara 14801-903, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9036-0485","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdulaziz","family":"Alhotan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marilia Mattar de Amo\u00eado Campos","family":"Velo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, S\u00e3o Paulo State University\u2014UNESP, 1680 Humait\u00e1 Street\u20133rd floor, Araraquara 14801-903, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4046-8375","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juliana Fraga Soares","family":"Bombonatti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Alameda Oct\u00e1vio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru 17012-901, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Munteanu, A., Holban, A.M., P\u0103una, M.R., Imre, M., Farca\u0219iu, A.T., and Farca\u0219iu, C. 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