{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T00:11:28Z","timestamp":1791072688017,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]],"date-time":"2024-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This manuscript evaluated the performance of silanes in cementitious matrices in the partial replacement of superplasticizers by silanes. For this, pastes with a water\/cement ratio of 0.186 were produced and the superplasticizer admixture based on polycarboxylate esters was partially substituted by three types of silanes\u2014vinyltriethoxysilane silanes (VTES), n-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (AEAPTMS), and methacryloxypropyltrimethox-ysilane (MCPTMS)\u2014in two substitutions levels (20% and 40%), and then tested in Portland cement pastes. Specific gravity, trapped air, mini-slump, and hydration kinetics (evaluated by isothermal calorimetry up to 48 h) of the pastes were determined in the fresh state. Thus, in the hardened state, the compressive and flexural strength tests (7 and 28 days), specific gravity, and absorption by immersion of the pastes were carried out. The results showed that the substitution of 20% and 40% of VTES and AEAPTMS considerably reduced the workability and increased the air content of the pastes in comparison to the reference sample. In contrast, the incorporation of 20% and 40% of MCPTMS did not significantly affect these properties. The presence of silane, for all analyzed samples, had a delaying effect on the hydration process: the maximum delay verified had a hydration peak in approximately 36 h for the 40% MCPTMS sample and the minimum delay verified had a hydration peak in approximately 11 h for the 20% VTES sample. The replacement of 20% and 40% by any of the silanes progressively reduced the flexural strength at both 7 and 28 days. In the compressive strength, as well as in the tensile strength in flexion, there was a decrease in the results when compared to the reference, except for the MCPTMS, at 7 and 28 days. In immersion absorption, all samples showed high percentages of absorption and void index when compared to the reference.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma17225403","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]],"date-time":"2024-11-05T06:30:48Z","timestamp":1730788248000},"page":"5403","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Evaluation of Admixture Silane Added into Cementitious Pastes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Bruna Aparecida","family":"Lamari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Department of Civil Construction (DACOC), Technological Federal University of Paran\u00e1 (UTFPR), Curitiba 81280-340, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6679-2897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lidiane Fernanda","family":"Jochem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Department of Civil Construction (DACOC), Technological Federal University of Paran\u00e1 (UTFPR), Curitiba 81280-340, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4029-9345","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philippe Jean Paul","family":"Gleize","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering (ECV), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florian\u00f3polis 88040-970, SC, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6437-3047","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Silvestro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Civil Engineering Coordination, Federal University of Technology of Paran\u00e1 (UTFPR), Guarapuava 85053-525, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3263-8175","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucas","family":"Onghero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Votorantim Cimentos S.A., S\u00e3o Paulo 01448-000, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4293-6574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e9zar Augusto","family":"Casagrande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Department of Civil Construction (DACOC), Technological Federal University of Paran\u00e1 (UTFPR), Curitiba 81280-340, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-8846(00)00470-1","article-title":"Improving the Dispersion of Steel Fibers in Cement Mortar by the Addition of Silane","volume":"31","author":"Cao","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cem. 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