{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T13:11:04Z","timestamp":1782220264881,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,15]],"date-time":"2024-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005632","name":"The National Centre for Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NOR\/POLNORCCS\/PhotoRed\/0007\/2019-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NOR\/POLNORCCS\/PhotoRed\/0007\/2019-00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005632","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to useful products is an area of active research because it shows a potential to be an efficient tool for mitigating climate change. This work investigated the modification of titania with copper(II) nitrate and its impact on improving the CO2 reduction efficiency in a gas-phase batch photoreactor under UV\u2013Vis irradiation. The investigated photocatalysts were prepared by treating P25-copper(II) nitrate suspensions (with various Cu2+ concentrations), alkalized with ammonia water, in a microwave-assisted solvothermal reactor. The titania-based photocatalysts were characterized by SEM, EDS, ICP-OES, XRD and UV-Vis\/DR methods. Textural properties were measured by the low-temperature nitrogen adsorption\/desorption studies at 77 K. P25 photocatalysts modified with copper(II) nitrate used in the process of carbon dioxide reduction allowed for a higher efficiency both for the photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to CH4 and for the photocatalytic water decomposition to hydrogen as compared to a reference. Similarly, modified samples showed significantly higher selectivity towards methane in the CO2 conversion process than the unmodified sample (a change from 30% for a reference sample to 82% for the P25-R-Cu-0.1 sample after the 6 h process). It was found that smaller loadings of Cu are more beneficial for increasing the photocatalytic activity of a sample.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma17246139","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]],"date-time":"2024-12-16T12:09:28Z","timestamp":1734350968000},"page":"6139","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Investigation of the Photocatalytic Activity of Copper-Modified Commercial Titania (P25) in the Process of Carbon Dioxide Photoreduction"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2642-9804","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Konrad Sebastian","family":"Sobczuk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Inorganic Chemical Technology and Environment Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Pu\u0142askiego 10, 70-322 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9878-2340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iwona","family":"Pe\u0142ech","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Inorganic Chemical Technology and Environment Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Pu\u0142askiego 10, 70-322 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7542-8093","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Sibera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Inorganic Chemical Technology and Environment Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Pu\u0142askiego 10, 70-322 Szczecin, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Construction and Road Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Piast\u00f3w 50a, 70-311 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2160-5431","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piotr","family":"Staciwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Inorganic Chemical Technology and Environment Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Pu\u0142askiego 10, 70-322 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7240-4499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Wanag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Inorganic Chemical Technology and Environment Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Pu\u0142askiego 10, 70-322 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ewa","family":"Ekiert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Inorganic Chemical Technology and Environment Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Pu\u0142askiego 10, 70-322 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1344-6856","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanna","family":"Kapica-Kozar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Inorganic Chemical Technology and Environment Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Pu\u0142askiego 10, 70-322 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"\u0106mielewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Inorganic Chemical Technology and Environment Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Pu\u0142askiego 10, 70-322 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9908-9946","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ewelina","family":"Kusiak-Nejman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Inorganic Chemical Technology and Environment Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Pu\u0142askiego 10, 70-322 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2606-4104","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antoni Waldemar","family":"Morawski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Inorganic Chemical Technology and Environment Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Pu\u0142askiego 10, 70-322 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2443-1510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Urszula","family":"Narkiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Inorganic Chemical Technology and Environment Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Pu\u0142askiego 10, 70-322 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2023.121104","article-title":"What Is the Long-Term Demand for Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels and Feedstocks?","volume":"341","author":"Forsberg","year":"2023","journal-title":"Appl. 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