{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:41:33Z","timestamp":1760146893440,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,20]],"date-time":"2024-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734652800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011755","name":"National Center for Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LIDER\/49\/0187\/L-11\/19\/NCBR\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LIDER\/49\/0187\/L-11\/19\/NCBR\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011755","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of the presented research was to evaluate the impacts of modifications to the technical properties of fly ash-based geopolymer composites, particularly focusing on enhancing the thermal insulation. Through the utilization of a generalized utility function, optimal dosages of additives such as perlite sand, waste perlite powder, and cenospheres were determined. The study aimed to increase the thermal insulation of the composites while maintaining satisfactory compressive and flexural strength. The results indicated that dosages of perlite dust and cenospheres significantly influenced the technical characteristics of the composites; an exception was the flexural strength, for which these modifications did not show a statistically significant effect. The average compressive strength values, except for the mixes with poor workability, were at least 3.5 MPa (RILEM class II). Notably, a balanced dosage of additives, around 75 kg per cubic meter of the mixture in the total mixture, yielded the most favorable outcomes in terms of thermal isolation (0.18\u20130.24 W\/(m\u00b7K) and workability (cone immersion 40\u201370 mm). Additionally, perlite dust emerged as a potentially superior modifier due to its waste origin. However, further analysis considering life cycle parameters including the carbon footprint and water footprint would be necessary to validate this claim. Overall, the study highlights the potential of utilizing perlite-based modifiers to enhance the thermal insulation of geopolymers while addressing environmental concerns.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma17246237","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,20]],"date-time":"2024-12-20T07:42:18Z","timestamp":1734680538000},"page":"6237","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Application of a Generalized Utility Function to Determine the Optimal Composition of Geopolymer Mortar"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8092-0445","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maja","family":"K\u0119pniak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Building Materials Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Armii Ludowej 16, 00-637 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8720-3382","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Faustyn","family":"Recha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Architecture, Civil Engineering and Applied Arts, Academy of Silesia, Rolna 43, 40-555 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"Procho\u0144","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Building Materials Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Armii Ludowej 16, 00-637 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2018.05.002","article-title":"Concrete material science: Past, present, and future innovations","volume":"112","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cem. 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