{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T02:50:16Z","timestamp":1783997416636,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]],"date-time":"2025-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The present work was undertaken to explore the multiple alloys and process steps that have been suggested to mitigate the harmful effects of high iron content in cast Al-Si alloys. The base alloy used was ommercial 413.0 alloy containing 0.35%Mg. Iron was added at three Fe levels up to 1.8%. The addition of Sr, 1.0%Zn, 0.2%Ti were made to the alloys so prepared, which were melted and maintained at a superheat of 750 \u00b0C or 950 \u00b0C. The melts were poured in different molds that produced three solidification rates. In total, 40 castings were prepared: half of the castings were used for metallographic examinations in the as-cast condition, while the other half were set aside for tensile testing following T6 treatment. The results show that at a solidification rate of 50 \u00b0C\/s, 1.8%Fe could be dissolved in the aluminum matrix regardless of other melt treatments. With regard to the other solidification rates, superheating at 950 \u00b0C, coupled with Sr addition or Sr + Be, reduces the average \u03b2-platelets length by 80% (0.8 \u00b0C\/s) or 95% (8 \u00b0C\/s). The addition of P causes a marked drop in the alloy tensile strength due to the precipitation of primary Si, Al2Si2Sr, and \u03b2-AlFeSi hard-phase particles. Therefore, reducing the iron content in the castings may be considered a major objective to be recommended for developing alloys with higher strength and optimum quality values. More than 1000 tensile bars were tested in this study.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma18020249","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]],"date-time":"2025-01-08T07:40:13Z","timestamp":1736322013000},"page":"249","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Effect of Fe Concentration and Superheating on the Microstructure and Tensile Properties of High Mg 413.0-Type Alloys: Role of Sr, Be, P, and La"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Herbert W.","family":"Doty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Materials Technology, General Motors Global Technology Center, Warren, MI 48092, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ehab","family":"Samuel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement des Sciences Appliqu\u00e9es, Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Chicoutimi, Saguenay, QC G7H 2B1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnes M.","family":"Samuel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement des Sciences Appliqu\u00e9es, Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Chicoutimi, Saguenay, QC G7H 2B1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7222-8694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ehab","family":"Elsharkawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Engineering, Saint Mary\u2019s University, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0252-4102","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victor","family":"Songmene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, \u00c9cole de Technologie Sup\u00e9rieure, Montreal, QC H3C 1K3, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8873-8605","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fawzy H.","family":"Samuel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement des Sciences Appliqu\u00e9es, Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Chicoutimi, Saguenay, QC G7H 2B1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1007\/s13632-020-00649-y","article-title":"The Formation of Iron-Containing Intermetallic Phases in Al-12%Si Alloy by Using Tungsten Addition","volume":"9","author":"Zykova","year":"2020","journal-title":"Met. 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