{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T15:54:28Z","timestamp":1784303668968,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,18]],"date-time":"2025-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737158400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021YFB3400902"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFB3400902"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51275414"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51275414"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52205418"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52205418"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["3102015BJ (II) ZS007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3102015BJ (II) ZS007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020ZDLGY12-07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020ZDLGY12-07"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021YFB3400902"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFB3400902"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51275414"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51275414"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52205418"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52205418"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["3102015BJ (II) ZS007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3102015BJ (II) ZS007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020ZDLGY12-07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020ZDLGY12-07"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021YFB3400902"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFB3400902"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51275414"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51275414"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52205418"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52205418"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["3102015BJ (II) ZS007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3102015BJ (II) ZS007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020ZDLGY12-07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020ZDLGY12-07"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province","award":["2021YFB3400902"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFB3400902"]}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province","award":["51275414"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51275414"]}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province","award":["52205418"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52205418"]}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province","award":["3102015BJ (II) ZS007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3102015BJ (II) ZS007"]}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province","award":["2020ZDLGY12-07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020ZDLGY12-07"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The mechanical properties of music wire are contingent upon its microstructure, which in turn influences its applications in music. Chinese stringed instruments necessitate exacting standards for comprehensive performance indexes, particularly with regard to the strength, resilience, and rigidity of the musical steel wires, which differ from the Western approach to musical wire. In this study, SWP-B music wire was selected for investigation through metal heat treatment, which was employed to regulate its microstructure characteristics. Furthermore, a spectral analysis was conducted to evaluate the musical expression, encompassing attributes such as pitch and timbre. In conclusion, the governing law of the impact of the microstructure of music wire on its musical expression was established. The results demonstrate that steel wire subjected to a 200 \u00b0C annealing treatment for cementite spheroidization can effectively reduce stress concentration, thereby reducing the probability of fracture and consequently improving tonal uniformity and richness while increasing tensile strength from 2578 MPa to 2702 MPa. Conversely, the high-temperature annealing treatment alters the crystalline structure of the material and refines the grain structure, thereby improving the material\u2019s performance and sound quality. The fine microstructure of the music steel wire displays enhanced uniformity. As the annealing temperature increases, the strength of the ferrite phase &lt;110&gt;\/\/ND (&lt;010&gt;\/\/ND, indicating that the &lt;010&gt; direction of the crystal is parallel to the normal direction of the material) and the cementite phase &lt;010&gt;\/\/ND demonstrates a gradual decline. However, this also results in a more pronounced harmonic performance, which, in turn, affects the overall music expression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma18020440","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]],"date-time":"2025-01-20T10:32:15Z","timestamp":1737369135000},"page":"440","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Influence of Microstructure on Music Properties of SWP-B Music Steel Wire Under Different Annealing Treatments"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Xinru","family":"Jia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China"},{"name":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of High-Performance Precision Forming Technology and Equipment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qinghua","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China"},{"name":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of High-Performance Precision Forming Technology and Equipment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6987-5903","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fuguo","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China"},{"name":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of High-Performance Precision Forming Technology and Equipment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China"},{"name":"Joint R&D Center for Metallic Materials, Metallic Wire and Metallic Card Clothing, Xi\u2019an 710021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohui","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China"},{"name":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of High-Performance Precision Forming Technology and Equipment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junda","family":"You","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China"},{"name":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of High-Performance Precision Forming Technology and Equipment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China"},{"name":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of High-Performance Precision Forming Technology and Equipment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xia","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering Mechanics, College of Civil & Architecture Engineering, Xi\u2019an Technological University, Xi\u2019an 710021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinhua","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint R&D Center for Metallic Materials, Metallic Wire and Metallic Card Clothing, Xi\u2019an 710021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1016\/S1359-6462(02)00037-4","article-title":"Atom probe study on the ductility of drawn pearlitic steels","volume":"46","author":"Maruyama","year":"2002","journal-title":"Scripta Mater."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actamat.2012.03.006","article-title":"Evolution of strength and microstructure during annealing of heavily cold-drawn 6.3 GPa hypereutectoid pearlitic steel wire","volume":"60","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Mater."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmatprotec.2009.03.019","article-title":"Effects of post-deformation annealing conditions on the behavior of lamellar cementite and the occurrence of delamination in cold drawn steel wires","volume":"209","author":"Lee","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Mater. Process Tech."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msea.2017.12.055","article-title":"Torsion delamination and recrystallized cementite of heavy drawing pearlitic wires after low temperature annealing","volume":"713","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mat. Sci. Eng. A-Struct."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/1044-5803(92)90113-V","article-title":"Metals of music","volume":"29","author":"Goodway","year":"1992","journal-title":"Mater. Charact."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msea.2017.10.040","article-title":"Influence of severe plastic deformation and specimen orientation on the fatigue crack propagation behavior of a pearlitic steel","volume":"710","author":"Leitner","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mat. Sci. Eng. A-Struct."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00702552","article-title":"Piano wire and strings with high acoustic properties","volume":"34","author":"Baraz","year":"1992","journal-title":"Met. Sci. Heat Treat+"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106104","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.113.106104","article-title":"Segregation stabilizes nanocrystalline bulk steel with near theoretical strength","volume":"113","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msea.2017.09.010","article-title":"Fracture behavior of nanostructured heavily cold drawn pearlitic steel wires before and after annealing","volume":"707","author":"Jaya","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mat. Sci. Eng. A-Struct."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"JAI13510","DOI":"10.1520\/JAI13510","article-title":"Mechanical characterization of cryogenically treated music wire","volume":"3","author":"Chen","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. ASTM Int."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"086506","DOI":"10.1088\/2053-1591\/aad269","article-title":"Effect of cooling rate and isothermal temperature on the phase transformation and microstructure evolution in SWRH82B high-carbon steel","volume":"5","author":"He","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mater. Res. Express"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1250\/ast.44.218","article-title":"Attenuation characteristics of tones and vibrations in guitars with nylon, fluorocarbon, and phosphor bronze strings pressed down against fret","volume":"44","author":"Kodama","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acoust. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Crosmer, J.P. (2011). A Comparison of Viola Strings with Harmonic Frequency Analysis, University of Nebraska-Lincoln."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Giordano, N. (2011). Evolution of Music Wire and Its Impact on the Development of the Piano. Proceedings of Meetings on Acoustics, AIP Publishing.","DOI":"10.1121\/1.3614996"},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Fletcher, N.H., and Rossing, T.D. (2012). The Physics of Musical Instruments, Springer Science & Business Media."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1918192","article-title":"Quality of piano tones","volume":"34","author":"Fletcher","year":"1962","journal-title":"J. Acoust."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1916221","article-title":"Observations on the vibrations of piano strings","volume":"15","author":"Schuck","year":"1943","journal-title":"J. Acoust."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1908730","article-title":"Subjective evaluation of musical scale temperament in pianos","volume":"33","author":"Martin","year":"1961","journal-title":"J. Acoust."},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"Stoica, P., and Moses, R.L. (2005). Spectral Analysis of Signals, Pearson Prentice Hall."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRD.2004.824398","article-title":"Hybrid wavelet-Fourier spectrum analysis","volume":"19","author":"Tarasiuk","year":"2004","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Power Deliv."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apacoust.2014.04.010","article-title":"The musical kinetic shape: A variable tension string instrument","volume":"85","author":"Reed","year":"2014","journal-title":"Appl. Acoust."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actamat.2014.10.027","article-title":"Mechanisms of subgrain coarsening and its effect on the mechanical properties of carbon-supersaturated nanocrystalline hypereutectoid steel","volume":"84","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Mater."},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"405","article-title":"Investigation of a Cu-20 mass% Nb in situ composite, part I: Fabrication, microstructure and mechanical properties","volume":"86","author":"Raabe","year":"1995","journal-title":"Z. Fur Met."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-6160(66)90296-3","article-title":"The structure and properties of drawn pearlite","volume":"14","author":"Embury","year":"1966","journal-title":"Acta Metall."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3965","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actamat.2011.03.022","article-title":"Atomic-scale mechanisms of deformation-induced cementite decomposition in pearlite","volume":"59","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Mater."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113885","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matchar.2024.113885","article-title":"The significant impact of the crystallization of cementite in high carbon steel wire on its torsional performance","volume":"211","author":"Bi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mater. Charact."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4898","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actamat.2013.04.057","article-title":"Hierarchical structures in cold-drawn pearlitic steel wire","volume":"61","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Mater."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msea.2018.11.113","article-title":"Torsion performance of pearlitic steel wires: Effects of morphology and crystallinity of cementite","volume":"743","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mat. Sci. Eng. A-Struct."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actamat.2016.04.040","article-title":"Dislocation-based plasticity and strengthening mechanisms in sub-20 nm lamellar structures in pearlitic steel wire","volume":"114","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Mater."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1179\/026708309X12512744154405","article-title":"Study on dislocation slips in ferrite and deformation of cementite in cold drawn pearlitic steel wires from medium to high strain","volume":"27","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113013","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matchar.2023.113013","article-title":"Microstructure and mechanical properties of Nb microalloyed high-carbon pearlitic steels subjected to isothermal transformation","volume":"202","author":"Su","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mater. Charact."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wear.2013.09.008","article-title":"Three-body abrasive wear of fine pearlite, nanostructured bainite and martensite","volume":"308","author":"Bakshi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Wear"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/0036-9748(80)90339-7","article-title":"Fatigue crack bifurcation in a Fe-0.64 C alloy","volume":"14","author":"Aita","year":"1980","journal-title":"Scr. Metall."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmrt.2020.10.071","article-title":"Effects of austenizing temperature, cooling rate and isothermal temperature on overall phase transformation characteristics in high carbon steel","volume":"9","author":"Babasafari","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Mater. Res. Technol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114696","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scriptamat.2022.114696","article-title":"Structure restoration and coarsening of nanocrystalline cementite in cold drawn pearlitic wire induced by low temperature annealing","volume":"215","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Scripta Mater."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/0025-5416(75)90218-9","article-title":"Room temperature plastic deformation of pearlitic cementite","volume":"21","author":"Sevillano","year":"1975","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scriptamat.2016.04.002","article-title":"Cementite nano-crystallization in cold drawn pearlitic wires instigated by low temperature annealing","volume":"120","author":"Zhou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Scripta Mater."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msea.2019.04.086","article-title":"One-step annealing optimizes strength-ductility tradeoff in pearlitic steel wires","volume":"757","author":"Xiang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mat. Sci. Eng. A-Struct."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1016\/S1359-6454(96)00216-9","article-title":"Cementite dissolution in heavily cold drawn pearlitic steel wires","volume":"45","author":"Languillaume","year":"1997","journal-title":"Acta Mater."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actamat.2018.04.013","article-title":"Extremely hard amorphous-crystalline hybrid steel surface produced by deformation induced cementite amorphization","volume":"152","author":"Guo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Mater."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultramic.2010.11.010","article-title":"Atom probe tomography characterization of heavily cold drawn pearlitic steel wire","volume":"111","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ultramicroscopy"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actamat.2008.03.024","article-title":"Dislocation interaction with C in \u03b1-Fe: A comparison between atomic simulations and elasticity theory","volume":"56","author":"Clouet","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Mater."},{"key":"ref_43","first-page":"1","article-title":"Evolution of microstructure and tensile properties of cold-drawn hyper-eutectoid steel wires during post-deformation annealing","volume":"41","author":"Jafari","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Mater. Res. Technol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-6160(76)90133-4","article-title":"Dynamic recovery during and after steady state deformation of Al-11wt% Zn","volume":"24","author":"Hausselt","year":"1976","journal-title":"Acta Metall."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4431","DOI":"10.1016\/S1359-6454(02)00281-1","article-title":"Microstructure evolution in pearlitic steels during wire drawing","volume":"50","author":"Zelin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Acta Mater."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1374756","article-title":"Audibility of the timbral effects of inharmonicity in stringed instrument tones","volume":"2","author":"Karjalainen","year":"2001","journal-title":"ARLO"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kakegawa, Y., and Asakura, T. (2023, January 1\u20135). Effect of Physical Characteristics of Strings on the Instrumental Sound of Violin. Proceedings of the INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings, Washington, DC, USA.","DOI":"10.3397\/IN_2023_0613"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1902056","article-title":"Scale temperament as applied to piano tuning","volume":"9","author":"Railsback","year":"1938","journal-title":"J. Acoust."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1250\/ast.44.396","article-title":"Effect of physical characteristics of strings on the subjective impression of violin sound","volume":"44","author":"Kakegawa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acoust. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1121\/1.2817339","article-title":"Spectral envelope sensitivity of musical instrument sounds","volume":"123","author":"Gunawan","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Acoust."},{"key":"ref_51","unstructured":"Schoonderwaldt, E., Guettler, K., and Askenfelt, A. (2023, January 14\u201315). Effect of the Width of the Bow Hair on the Violin String Spectrum. Proceedings of the Stockholm Music Acoustics Conference, Stockholm, Sweden."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1137\/S00361445003822","article-title":"Time-frequency analysis of musical instruments","volume":"44","author":"Alm","year":"2002","journal-title":"SIAM Rev."}],"container-title":["Materials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1996-1944\/18\/2\/440\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T10:31:23Z","timestamp":1759919483000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1996-1944\/18\/2\/440"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,18]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["ma18020440"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ma18020440","relation":{},"ISSN":["1996-1944"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1996-1944","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,18]]}}}