{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T11:44:54Z","timestamp":1787312694017,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]],"date-time":"2025-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738800000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["82071143"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82071143"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["51305208"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51305208"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["BE2022795"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BE2022795"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["ZDA202003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZDA202003"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["JSKLOD-KF-1901"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JSKLOD-KF-1901"]}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Program of Jiangsu Province","award":["82071143"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82071143"]}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Program of Jiangsu Province","award":["51305208"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51305208"]}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Program of Jiangsu Province","award":["BE2022795"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BE2022795"]}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Program of Jiangsu Province","award":["ZDA202003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZDA202003"]}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Program of Jiangsu Province","award":["JSKLOD-KF-1901"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JSKLOD-KF-1901"]}]},{"name":"Key Medical Research Projects of Jiangsu Health Commission","award":["82071143"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82071143"]}]},{"name":"Key Medical Research Projects of Jiangsu Health Commission","award":["51305208"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51305208"]}]},{"name":"Key Medical Research Projects of Jiangsu Health Commission","award":["BE2022795"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BE2022795"]}]},{"name":"Key Medical Research Projects of Jiangsu Health Commission","award":["ZDA202003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZDA202003"]}]},{"name":"Key Medical Research Projects of Jiangsu Health Commission","award":["JSKLOD-KF-1901"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JSKLOD-KF-1901"]}]},{"name":"Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research Fund","award":["82071143"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82071143"]}]},{"name":"Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research Fund","award":["51305208"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51305208"]}]},{"name":"Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research Fund","award":["BE2022795"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BE2022795"]}]},{"name":"Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research Fund","award":["ZDA202003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZDA202003"]}]},{"name":"Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research Fund","award":["JSKLOD-KF-1901"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JSKLOD-KF-1901"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Collagen fibers of the Periodontal ligament (PDL) play a crucial role in determining its mechanical properties. Based on this premise, we investigated the effect of the volume fraction of human PDL collagen fibers on the hyperelastic mechanical behavior under transient loading. Samples were obtained from different root regions (neck, middle, and apex) of the PDL, prepared from fresh human anterior teeth. The collagen fibers volume fraction in various regions of the PDL was quantified by staining techniques combined with image processing software. The collagen fiber volume fractions were found to be 60.3% in the neck region, 63.1% in the middle region, and 52.0% in the apex region. A new hyperelastic constitutive model was constructed based on the volume fraction. A uniaxial tensile test was conducted on these samples, and the accuracy of the constitutive model was validated by fitting the test data. Also, relevant model parameters were derived. The results demonstrated that human PDL exhibited hyperelastic mechanical properties on the condition of transient loading. With an increase in the volume fraction of collagen fibers, the tensile resistance of the PDL was enhanced, demonstrating more significant hyperelastic mechanical properties. The hyperelastic constitutive model showed a good fit with the experimental results (R2 &gt; 0.997), describing the hyperelastic mechanical properties of the human PDL effectively.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma18030705","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]],"date-time":"2025-02-06T08:53:41Z","timestamp":1738832021000},"page":"705","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Formulation of Hyperelastic Constitutive Model for Human Periodontal Ligament Based on Fiber Volume Fraction"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Bin","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenfeng","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9169-4615","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bin","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing 210029, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Di","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2023.12.017","article-title":"Rational Design of Viscoelastic Hydrogels for Periodontal Ligament Remodeling and Repair","volume":"174","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1002\/cre2.533","article-title":"The Profiling and Analysis of Gene Expression in Human Periodontal Ligament Tissue and Fibroblasts","volume":"8","author":"Hosiriluck","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. 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