{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T09:50:04Z","timestamp":1788601804178,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":450,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]],"date-time":"2025-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739404800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005632","name":"The National Centre for Research and Development (Poland)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["M-ERA.NET3\/2021\/63\/Mem4BoTiReg\/2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["M-ERA.NET3\/2021\/63\/Mem4BoTiReg\/2023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005632","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This review explores the latest advancements in enhancing the biocompatibility and antibacterial properties of implantable structures, with a focus on titanium (Ti) and its alloys. Titanium implants, widely used in dental and orthopedic applications, demonstrate excellent mechanical strength and biocompatibility, yet face challenges such as peri-implantitis, a bacterial infection that can lead to implant failure. To address these issues, both passive and active surface modification strategies have been developed. Passive modifications, such as altering surface texture and chemistry, aim to prevent bacterial adhesion, while active approaches incorporate antimicrobial agents for sustained infection control. Nanotechnology has emerged as a transformative tool, enabling the creation of nanoscale materials and coatings like TiO2 and ZnO that promote osseointegration and inhibit biofilm formation. Techniques such as plasma spraying, ion implantation, and plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) show promising results in improving implant integration and durability. Despite significant progress, further research is needed to refine these technologies, optimize surface properties, and address the clinical challenges associated with implant longevity and safety. This review highlights the intersection of surface engineering, nanotechnology, and biomedical innovation, paving the way for the next generation of implantable devices.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma18040822","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]],"date-time":"2025-02-13T09:05:42Z","timestamp":1739437542000},"page":"822","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Advanced Strategies for Enhancing the Biocompatibility and Antibacterial Properties of Implantable Structures"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Oleg","family":"Mishchenko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry of Postgraduate Education, Zaporizhzhia State Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 26 Marii Prymachenko Blvd., 69035 Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristina","family":"Volchykhina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry of Postgraduate Education, Zaporizhzhia State Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 26 Marii Prymachenko Blvd., 69035 Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denis","family":"Maksymov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry of Postgraduate Education, Zaporizhzhia State Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 26 Marii Prymachenko Blvd., 69035 Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olesia","family":"Manukhina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry of Postgraduate Education, Zaporizhzhia State Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 26 Marii Prymachenko Blvd., 69035 Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9372-7791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maksym","family":"Pogorielov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Insitute of Atomic Physics and Spectroscopy, University of Latvia, 3 Jelgavas Str., LV-1004 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4931-1796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mykola","family":"Pavlenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, Wszechnicy Piastowskiej Str. 3, 61-614 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9420-7376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Igor","family":"Iatsunskyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, Wszechnicy Piastowskiej Str. 3, 61-614 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2017.08.024","article-title":"Effect of Crystalline Phase Changes in Titania (TiO2) Nanotube Coatings on Platelet Adhesion and Activation","volume":"82","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mater. 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