{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:03:27Z","timestamp":1760058207308,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,15]],"date-time":"2025-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741996800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["860006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["860006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper aims to assess the influence of cementitious capsules on the hardened properties of concrete, considering several parameters such as the fine fraction (n) of aggregates, capsule size, and capsule dosage. The presence of capsules has been formerly found to disturb packing, which eventually escalates the voids ratio of the inert skeleton. In order to understand the behavior of capsules in various packing structures, two mix design programs were developed, resulting in twenty-three concrete mixtures. The fine fraction of the aggregates was determined to be from 0.2 to 0.8. Both long and short cementitious capsules were used, with dosages of 1 to 7 vol.%. The results show that the incorporation of capsules reduced the compressive strength of concrete, and this reduction varied depending on the fine fraction, capsule dosage, and capsule size. Nevertheless, the optimum fine fraction was found to be 0.4, corresponding to the highest strength and the lowest voids ratio of the aggregate mixtures. In addition, a good bond between the capsule shell and the concrete matrix was showcased, and the embedded capsules broke during compression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma18061302","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]],"date-time":"2025-03-17T04:29:28Z","timestamp":1742185768000},"page":"1302","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Effect of Cementitious Macrocapsule Addition on the Hardened Properties of Concrete with Different Packing Structures"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6627-4643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harry","family":"Hermawan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Construction Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No. 43, Section 4, Keelung Road, Da\u2019an District, Taipei 106, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3146-9106","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paola","family":"Antonaci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Structural, Geotechnical and Building Engineering (DISEG), Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0117-2544","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elke","family":"Gruyaert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KU Leuven, Department of Civil Engineering, Materials and Constructions, Ghent Campus, Gebroeders de Smetstraat 1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129662","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2022.129662","article-title":"Feasibility Assessment of Newly Isolated Calcifying Bacterial Strains in Self-Healing Concrete","volume":"362","author":"Shaheen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Constr. 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