{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T22:13:52Z","timestamp":1791065632086,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PID2023-151187OB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2023-151187OB-I00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IT1554-22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IT1554-22"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003086","name":"Basque Government","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PID2023-151187OB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2023-151187OB-I00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003086","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003086","name":"Basque Government","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IT1554-22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IT1554-22"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003086","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The generation of pyrolysis liquids and gases with poor quality is a limiting factor for the development of the recycling process of fiber-reinforced plastic waste. In this article, the life cycle assessment (LCA) of an advanced two-step pyrolysis process to recycle glass fiber-reinforced polyamide waste is presented. First, the solid waste is pyrolyzed by heating up at 3 \u00b0C\/min to 500 \u00b0C in a tank reactor. The generated volatiles are subsequently thermally cracked at 900 \u00b0C in a tubular packed bed reactor. The process is able to reclaim the glass fibers similarly to the conventional one reactor pyrolysis, while producing liquids and gases with better properties. The large quantity of oxygenated pyrolysis oils generated in the conventional pyrolysis are cracked into gaseous hydrocarbons, CO, CO2 and a minor aqueous liquid. The pyrolysis gases become the main product of the process, presenting an interesting composition of hydrogen (39.9 vol.%), methane (22.5 vol.%), carbon monoxide (19.5 vol.%) and ethylene (10.8 vol.%). The LCA shows that advanced pyrolysis demonstrates better environmental performance than conventional pyrolysis, avoiding fossil resource scarcity and reducing global warming by half and human carcinogenic toxicity by one third.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma18071594","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T08:21:41Z","timestamp":1743495701000},"page":"1594","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Recycling Fiber-Reinforced Polyamide Waste from the Automotive Industry: Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of an Advanced Pyrolysis Process to Reclaim Glass Fibers and Valuable Chemicals"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Blanca Mar\u00eda","family":"Caballero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of Bilbao, University of the Basque Country (UPV\/EHU), Plaza Ingeniero Torres Quevedo, 1, 48013 Bilbao, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8715-9345","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Lopez-Urionabarrenechea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of Bilbao, University of the Basque Country (UPV\/EHU), Plaza Ingeniero Torres Quevedo, 1, 48013 Bilbao, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-0825-3049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean Paul","family":"Gonzalez-Arcos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV\/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Borja Benjam\u00edn","family":"Perez-Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of Bilbao, University of the Basque Country (UPV\/EHU), Plaza Ingeniero Torres Quevedo, 1, 48013 Bilbao, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5309-2776","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esther","family":"Acha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of Bilbao, University of the Basque Country (UPV\/EHU), Plaza Ingeniero Torres Quevedo, 1, 48013 Bilbao, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8799-616X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maider","family":"Iturrondobeitia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Graphical Design and Project Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of Bilbao, University of the Basque Country (UPV\/EHU), Plaza Ingeniero Torres Quevedo, 1, 48013 Bilbao, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5136-765X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julen","family":"Ibarretxe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Engineering in Bilbao, University of the Basque Country (UPV\/EHU), Paseo Rafael Moreno \u201cPitxitxi\u201d 3, 48013 Bilbao, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0955-7545","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aritz","family":"Esnaola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polymer and Composites Technology, Mechanical and Industrial Production Department, Faculty of Engineering, Mondragon Unibertsitatea, Campus Orona Ideo, Fundazioa Eraikuntza, Jauregi Bailara, 20120 Hernani, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maider","family":"Baskaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polymer and Composites Technology, Mechanical and Industrial Production Department, Faculty of Engineering, Mondragon Unibertsitatea, Campus Orona Ideo, Fundazioa Eraikuntza, Jauregi Bailara, 20120 Hernani, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Allied Market Research (2025, March 28). 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