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The study is expected to address the challenging issues of using ZnO as an antibacterial material, including low bactericidal efficiency without lighting, susceptibility to ZnO cluster formation, and easy adhesion of bacteria to its surface. It is proposed that the prepared ZnO nanorod arrays with a hexagonal wurtzite structure on the surface of titanium-based materials can address the issue of ZnO cluster formation. Remarkably, a mere 3.49 g cm\u22122 of decorated Ag\/AgCl achieves over 99% sterilization efficiency without lighting. The incorporation of FAS (1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltrimethoxysilane) molecules with low surface energy enables the prepared Ti@ZnO@Ag\/AgCl@FAS to attain a Cassie\u2013Baxter wetting state, thereby imparting exceptional bacterial anti-adhesion properties exceeding 99.50%. Furthermore, antibacterial and anti-adhesion models have been proposed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. This innovative approach is anticipated to be adaptable for application across various material substrates, which opens up a new avenue for the application of the antibacterial and bacterial anti-adhesion properties on the surface of ZnO materials.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma18071645","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]],"date-time":"2025-04-04T03:36:45Z","timestamp":1743737805000},"page":"1645","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Controllable Fabrication of ZnO Nanorod Arrays on the Surface of Titanium Material and Their Antibacterial and Anti-Adhesion Properties"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-3511-5248","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sifang","family":"Kong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Traffic & Environment, Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology, Shenzhen 518172, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jialin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-3987-1673","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ouyang","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Traffic & Environment, Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology, Shenzhen 518172, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiayin","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0486-8280","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jing","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-020-00872-w","article-title":"Economic burden of antibiotic resistance in China: A national level estimate for inpatients","volume":"10","author":"Zhen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antimicrob. 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