{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T05:17:57Z","timestamp":1773465477343,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,8]],"date-time":"2025-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744070400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Medical University of Sofia","award":["Grant-2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant-2023"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Minimizing the risk of secondary caries in dentistry is achieved by using adhesive systems that provide a strong bond between the natural hard tissue and the restorative material. Evaluating the effectiveness of these systems requires studying both their interaction with dentin and enamel and their behavior in environments with varying acidity. In this work, the interaction of a reactive monomer, 4-methacryloxyethyl trimellitic anhydride (4-META), used in adhesive systems with both dentin-like hydroxyapatite (HA) and hydroxyapatite ceramics, was investigated. Kinetic studies showed that under experimental conditions, 4-META was hydrolyzed and amorphized. Dentin-like HA possessed greater adsorption capacity to 4-META than ceramic HA. Immersion of HA into a solution of 4-META led to formation of an acidic calcium phosphate phase over time in both systems. Studies on the solubility of the synthetic nanosized hydroxyapatite and its derivative with 4-META in 0.1 mol\/L lactic acid, also containing CaCl2, Na2HPO4, and NaF (pH 4.5), and in distilled water (pH 6.3) indicated the occurrence of dissolution, complexation, and crystallization processes, causing changes in the liquid and solid phases. The total Ca2+ concentration upon dissolution of hybrid HA-4-META in a lactic acid solution was three times lower than the total Ca2+ concentration upon dissolution of pure HA. This suggested that 4-META-treated dentin-like surfaces demonstrate greater resistance to dissolution in acidic environments compared to untreated surfaces, highlighting the potential for these hybrids in dental applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma18081689","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,8]],"date-time":"2025-04-08T11:05:02Z","timestamp":1744110302000},"page":"1689","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Studies on the Interaction Between the Functional Monomer 4-Methacryloxyethyl Trimellitic Anhydride and Hydroxyapatite and Stability of the Obtained Hybrids"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Vasil","family":"Kalchinov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University, 1 G. Sofiiski Str., 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kostadinka","family":"Sezanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 11, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pavletta","family":"Shestakova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2698-4189","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sevda","family":"Yantcheva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University, 1 G. Sofiiski Str., 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Radosveta","family":"Vasileva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University, 1 G. Sofiiski Str., 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4105-2854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana","family":"Rabadjieva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 11, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"297","article-title":"Consideration of Dental Tissues and Composite Mechanical Properties in Secondary Caries Development: A Critical Review","volume":"23","author":"Gauthier","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Adhes. 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