{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]],"date-time":"2026-08-30T12:48:23Z","timestamp":1788094103135,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,8]],"date-time":"2025-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744070400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Science and Technology Innovation Talent Project of Bingtuan","award":["2023CB008-28"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023CB008-28"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Innovation Talent Project of Bingtuan","award":["RCZK202023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RCZK202023"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Innovation Talent Project of Bingtuan","award":["CXPY202116"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CXPY202116"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Innovation Talent Project of Bingtuan","award":["2024DB050"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024DB050"]}]},{"name":"Start-up Project of scienific Research for High-level Talents in Shihezi University","award":["2023CB008-28"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023CB008-28"]}]},{"name":"Start-up Project of scienific Research for High-level Talents in Shihezi University","award":["RCZK202023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RCZK202023"]}]},{"name":"Start-up Project of scienific Research for High-level Talents in Shihezi University","award":["CXPY202116"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CXPY202116"]}]},{"name":"Start-up Project of scienific Research for High-level Talents in Shihezi University","award":["2024DB050"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024DB050"]}]},{"name":"Young Innovative Talents Program of Shihezi University","award":["2023CB008-28"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023CB008-28"]}]},{"name":"Young Innovative Talents Program of Shihezi University","award":["RCZK202023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RCZK202023"]}]},{"name":"Young Innovative Talents Program of Shihezi University","award":["CXPY202116"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CXPY202116"]}]},{"name":"Young Innovative Talents Program of Shihezi University","award":["2024DB050"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024DB050"]}]},{"name":"Corps of Science and Technology Innovation Young Top Talent Project","award":["2023CB008-28"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023CB008-28"]}]},{"name":"Corps of Science and Technology Innovation Young Top Talent Project","award":["RCZK202023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RCZK202023"]}]},{"name":"Corps of Science and Technology Innovation Young Top Talent Project","award":["CXPY202116"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CXPY202116"]}]},{"name":"Corps of Science and Technology Innovation Young Top Talent Project","award":["2024DB050"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024DB050"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To investigate the effects of impact and static compaction methods on the mechanical properties and crack evolution of rock-like materials with varying particle sizes. Uniaxial compression tests combined with Digital Image Correlation (DIC) technology were conducted on specimens of two aeolian sand gradations (0.075\u20130.18 mm and 0.22\u20130.5 mm) and one quartz sand gradation (0.22\u20130.5 mm). The study focused on elastic modulus, peak strength, stress-strain behavior, failure modes, surface deformation fields, crack propagation paths, and strain evolution at characteristic points under both compaction methods. Finally, the microstructure of specimens was analyzed and compared with natural rock analogs. Key results include: (1) At an identical density of 1.82 g\/cm3, static-compacted specimens of fine-grained aeolian sand (0.075\u20130.18 mm) exhibited higher elastic modulus and peak strength compared to impact-compacted counterparts, whereas inverse trends were observed for coarse-grained aeolian sand (0.22\u20130.5 mm) and quartz sand specimens; (2) Under equivalent compaction energy (254.8 J), the hierarchy of mechanical performance was: quartz sand &gt; coarse-grained aeolian sand &gt; fine-grained aeolian sand; (3) Static-compacted specimens predominantly failed through tensile splitting, while impact-compacted specimens exhibited shear-dominated failure modes; (4) DIC full-field strain mapping revealed rapid propagation of primary cracks along pre-existing weak planes in static-compacted specimens, forming through-going tensile fractures. In contrast, impact-compacted specimens developed fractal strain field structures with coordinated evolution of shear bands and secondary tensile cracks; (5) Microstructural comparisons showed that static-compacted fine-grained aeolian sand specimens exhibited root-like structures with high porosity, resembling weakly consolidated sedimentary rocks. Impact-compacted coarse-grained aeolian sand specimens displayed stepped structures with dense packing, analogous to strongly cemented sandstones.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma18081695","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]],"date-time":"2025-04-09T03:32:53Z","timestamp":1744169573000},"page":"1695","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Mechanical Properties and Crack Evolution of Rock-like Materials with Varying Particle Sizes Prepared by Impact and Static Compaction Methods"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Qi","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Water Conservancy & Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Cold and Arid Regions Eco-Hydraulic Engineering of Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9840-928X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qinglin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Water Conservancy & Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Cold and Arid Regions Eco-Hydraulic Engineering of Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingyan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Water Conservancy & Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Cold and Arid Regions Eco-Hydraulic Engineering of Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kun","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Construction Eighth Engineering Bureau Southwest Company, Chengdu 610041, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zongen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Water Conservancy & Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Cold and Arid Regions Eco-Hydraulic Engineering of Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuxiang","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Water Conservancy & Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Cold and Arid Regions Eco-Hydraulic Engineering of Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"3280","article-title":"Influence of mineral composition and grain size on mechanical properties of marble","volume":"43","author":"Xie","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chin. 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