{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T00:22:22Z","timestamp":1783642942298,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]],"date-time":"2025-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744243200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundations of China","award":["222102320020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["222102320020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To investigate the effect of film-cooling-hole inclination on the creep performance of nickel-based superalloy IN-738 specimens, this study designed samples with film-cooling holes at four inclination angles: 0\u00b0, 30\u00b0, 45\u00b0, and 60\u00b0. High-temperature creep tests were conducted, and the fracture morphologies of the failed specimens were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. The results indicate that under conditions of 800 \u00b0C and 350 MPa, the inclination angle of the film-cooling holes significantly influences the creep performance of the specimens, with creep lifetimes ranking in descending order as 0\u00b0 &gt; 60\u00b0 &gt; 45\u00b0 &gt; 30\u00b0. A fracture analysis revealed that creep failure in specimens with film-cooling holes primarily resulted from stress concentration at the hole edges, where cracks and voids frequently initiated. The creep fractures exhibited dimple-type failure characteristics localized around the film-cooling holes due to stress concentration. Simulations based on the K-R damage model were performed for the four different inclination angles, confirming the existence of stress concentration around the film-cooling holes. The numerical analysis results closely matched the experimental data. Furthermore, the node stress method was used to predict the creep rupture life of specimens with film-cooling holes, demonstrating high accuracy in life prediction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma18081737","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]],"date-time":"2025-04-10T07:41:51Z","timestamp":1744270911000},"page":"1737","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effect of Film-Cooling-Hole Inclination on the Creep Performance of IN-738 Specimens"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Hao","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Process Heat Transfer and Energy Saving of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Process Heat Transfer and Energy Saving of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinke","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Process Heat Transfer and Energy Saving of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Han","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Process Heat Transfer and Energy Saving of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiange","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Process Heat Transfer and Energy Saving of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaoyang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Process Heat Transfer and Energy Saving of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2506-599X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ke","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Process Heat Transfer and Energy Saving of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"5096","article-title":"Status and Development Trend of the Heavy Duty Gas Turbine","volume":"34","author":"Jiang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. 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