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Traditional fabrication approaches such as evaporation enable precise bump control but face scalability and cost limitations, while electroplating offers lower costs and higher throughput but suffers from substrate conductivity requirements and uneven current density distributions that compromise bump-height uniformity. Emerging alternatives include electroless plating, which achieves uniform metal deposition on non-conductive substrates through autocatalytic reactions albeit with slower deposition rates; ball mounting and dip soldering, which streamline processes via automated solder jetting or alloy immersion but struggle with bump miniaturization and low yield; and photosensitive conductive polymers that simplify fabrication via photolithography-patterned composites but lack validated long-term stability. Persistent challenges in achieving micrometer-scale uniformity, thermomechanical stability, and environmental compatibility underscore the need for integrated hybrid processes, eco-friendly manufacturing protocols, and novel material innovations to enable ultra-high-resolution and flexible Micro-LED implementations. This review systematically compares conventional and emerging methodologies, identifies critical technological bottlenecks, and proposes strategic guidelines for industrial-scale production of high-density Micro-LED displays.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma18081783","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]],"date-time":"2025-04-14T06:18:36Z","timestamp":1744611516000},"page":"1783","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Bump-Fabrication Technologies for Micro-LED Display: A Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Xin","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350100, China"},{"name":"Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou 350108, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueqi","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350100, China"},{"name":"Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou 350108, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuaishuai","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350100, China"},{"name":"Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou 350108, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuehuang","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350100, China"},{"name":"Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou 350108, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taifu","family":"Lang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350100, China"},{"name":"Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou 350108, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Belyaev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Physics and Mathematics, State University of Education, Very Voloshinoi Str. 24, 141014 Mytishchi, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aslan","family":"Abduev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Physics and Mathematics, State University of Education, Very Voloshinoi Str. 24, 141014 Mytishchi, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3504-7998","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Kazak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Physics and Mathematics, State University of Education, Very Voloshinoi Str. 24, 141014 Mytishchi, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3570-6586","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chang","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350100, China"},{"name":"Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou 350108, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7057-2755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qun","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6479-7771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jie","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350100, China"},{"name":"Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou 350108, China"},{"name":"Department of Microscience and Nanotechnology, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1002\/pi.1974","article-title":"Organic light-emitting diode (OLED) technology: Materials, devices and display technologies","volume":"55","author":"Geffroy","year":"2006","journal-title":"Polym. 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