{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T22:16:02Z","timestamp":1790633762837,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745366400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior\u2014Brasil (CAPES)","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The development of self-healing coatings represents a promising approach to enhance the durability of metal substrates exposed to corrosive environments, demanding thorough in situ investigations. In this study, poly(urea\u2013formaldehyde\u2013melamine) (PUF) microcapsules containing linseed oil (LO) were synthesized via in situ polymerization to act as healing agents in protective coatings. The microcapsules were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), optical microscopy (OM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The capsules exhibited a regular spherical morphology with an average diameter of 96 \u00b5m and an LO encapsulation efficiency of 81 wt%. TGA confirmed their thermal stability up to 200 \u00b0C, while FTIR verified the successful encapsulation of LO. For performance evaluation, 10 wt% of the microcapsules was incorporated into an epoxy matrix and applied to carbon steel. Corrosion resistance was evaluated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in 0.1 mol\/L of NaCl solution over 500 h. The coating with microcapsules exhibited a |Z|0.01 of 106 \u03a9\u00b7cm2, higher than the 104 \u03a9\u00b7cm2 observed for the coating without microcapsules, indicating improved barrier properties. Raman spectroscopy confirmed the auto-oxidation of LO at damaged areas, evidencing the self-healing mechanism. Although full barrier recovery was not achieved, the system effectively delayed corrosion progression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma18091906","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T06:38:37Z","timestamp":1745390317000},"page":"1906","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["In Situ Evaluation of Epoxy Self-Healing Coating by Encapsulated Linseed Oil in Poly(Urea\u2013Formaldehyde\u2013Melamine) Microcapsules"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8659-2227","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucas Henrique de Oliveira","family":"Souza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuclear Technology Development Center, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6994-0816","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michele","family":"Fedel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Via Sommarive n. 9, 38123 Trento, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5980-0078","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Cotting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6157-3791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wagner Reis da Costa","family":"Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuclear Technology Development Center, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.porgcoat.2016.11.015","article-title":"Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(Urea-Formaldehyde) Microcapsules Containing Linseed Oil for Self-Healing Coating Development","volume":"105","author":"Lang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prog. 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