{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T13:39:24Z","timestamp":1788961164787,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]],"date-time":"2025-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747612800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Laser nanostructuring via Laser-Induced Periodic Surface Structures (LIPSS), generated using femtosecond laser pulses, has been investigated as a method for precisely modifying titanium surfaces. By adjusting parameters such as the fluence and pulse number of the laser beam, it is feasible to tailor the surface morphology, roughness, and oxidation states of species that can significantly influence the properties and surface bioactivity of the material. In this study, the LIPSS was applied to commercially pure titanium and evaluated for its ability to support calcium phosphate nucleation and growth in Simulated Body Fluid (SBF). Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analysis confirmed the formation of well-defined periodic structures. Additional characterizations performed by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) revealed, after laser treatment of titanium, its increased surface roughness and oxidation levels, respectively. These features, when assessed after immersion in SBF, were associated with an improved potential biological performance of the nanostructured surface of the investigated material. The results demonstrated that LIPSS-treated titanium effectively promoted calcium phosphate growth, indicating its enhanced potential bioactivity. Overall, LIPSS nanostructuring presents a scalable and cost-effective strategy for engineering titanium surfaces with potential bioactive properties, supporting their promising application in advanced biomedical implants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma18102362","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]],"date-time":"2025-05-19T06:31:29Z","timestamp":1747636289000},"page":"2362","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Laser Nanostructuring of Titanium Surfaces for Enhanced Bioactive Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1177-2896","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angela De","family":"Bonis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze di Base e Applicate, Universit\u00e0 Degli Studi Della Basilicata, Viale Dell\u2019ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7580-5725","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariangela","family":"Curcio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze di Base e Applicate, Universit\u00e0 Degli Studi Della Basilicata, Viale Dell\u2019ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agostino","family":"Galasso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze di Base e Applicate, Universit\u00e0 Degli Studi Della Basilicata, Viale Dell\u2019ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Caggiano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Chimica, Universit\u00e0 Degli Studi di Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Lettino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IMAA-CNR, Tito Scalo, Zona Industriale, 85050 Potenza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrizia","family":"Dolce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ISM-CNR, FemtoLAB, Tito Scalo, Zona Industriale, 85050 Potenza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donato","family":"Mollica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ISM-CNR, FemtoLAB, Tito Scalo, Zona Industriale, 85050 Potenza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8554-9948","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Lucia","family":"Pace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ISM-CNR, FemtoLAB, Tito Scalo, Zona Industriale, 85050 Potenza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1409-3135","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Santagata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ISM-CNR, FemtoLAB, Tito Scalo, Zona Industriale, 85050 Potenza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.2351\/1.4712658","article-title":"Femtosecond Laser-Induced Periodic Surface Structures","volume":"24","author":"Bonse","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. 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