{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T16:37:58Z","timestamp":1780331878868,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]],"date-time":"2025-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747872000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007162","name":"Department of Science and Technology of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023A1515012727"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023A1515012727"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007162","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007162","name":"Department of Science and Technology of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021KQNCX021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021KQNCX021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007162","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010226","name":"Department of Education of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023A1515012727"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023A1515012727"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010226","name":"Department of Education of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021KQNCX021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021KQNCX021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mineral admixtures exhibit significant enhancement effects on the seawater corrosion resistance of sulfoaluminate cement (SAC). This study systematically investigates the influence mechanisms of fly ash (FA), silica fume (SF), and slag powder (SP) on the physicochemical properties of SAC-based materials. Experimental results demonstrate that FA effectively enhances the fluidity of fresh SAC paste while mitigating drying shrinkage. Under standard curing conditions, the compressive strength of SAC mortar decreases with increasing FA content, reaching optimal performance at a 5% replacement level. However, in seawater immersion environments, FA undergoes chemical activation induced by seawater ions, leading to a positive correlation between mortar strength and FA content, with the 10% replacement ratio demonstrating maximum efficacy. SF addition reduces workability but significantly suppresses shrinkage deformation. While exhibiting detrimental effects on flexural strength under standard curing (optimal dosage: 7.5%), a 5.0% SF content manifests superior seawater resistance in marine environments. SP incorporation minimally impacts mortar rheology but exacerbates shrinkage behavior, showing limited improvement in both standard-cured compressive strength and seawater corrosion resistance. Orthogonal experimental analysis reveals that SF exerts the most pronounced influence on SAC mortar fluidity. Both standard curing and seawater immersion conditions indicate FA as the dominant factor affecting mechanical strength parameters. The optimal composite formulation, determined through orthogonal combination testing, achieves peak compressive strength with 5% FA, 5% SF, and 5% SP synergistic incorporation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma18112428","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]],"date-time":"2025-05-22T10:24:45Z","timestamp":1747909485000},"page":"2428","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Seawater-Activated Mineral Synergy in Sulfoaluminate Cement: Corrosion Resistance Optimization via Orthogonal Design"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0535-4310","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chuanlin","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering and Smart Cities, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shupeng","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering and Smart Cities, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingyou","family":"Ou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering and Smart Cities, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junkai","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering and Smart Cities, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering and Smart Cities, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cscee.2023.100557","article-title":"Usage of lime sludge waste from paper industry for production of Portland cement Clinker: Sustainable expansion of Indian cement industry","volume":"9","author":"Dikshit","year":"2024","journal-title":"Case Stud. 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