{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T16:40:48Z","timestamp":1793032848196,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,24]],"date-time":"2025-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748044800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006520","name":"\u201cNew Generation of Bioactive Laser Textured Ti\/Hap Implants\u201d under the acronym \u201cBiLaTex\u201d carried out within M-ERA.NET 3 Call 2022 programme in the National Centre for Research and Development (NCBR)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ERA.NET3\/2022\/48\/BiLaTex\/2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ERA.NET3\/2022\/48\/BiLaTex\/2023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006520","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006520","name":"\u201cNew Generation of Bioactive Laser Textured Ti\/Hap Implants\u201d under the acronym \u201cBiLaTex\u201d carried out within M-ERA.NET 3 Call 2022 programme in the National Centre for Research and Development (NCBR)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["C3360-25-452008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C3360-25-452008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006520","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006520","name":"\u201cNew Generation of Bioactive Laser Textured Ti\/Hap Implants\u201d under the acronym \u201cBiLaTex\u201d carried out within M-ERA.NET 3 Call 2022 programme in the National Centre for Research and Development (NCBR)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MNHA23020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MNHA23020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006520","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ministry of Higher Education, Science and Innovation (MVZI)","award":["ERA.NET3\/2022\/48\/BiLaTex\/2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ERA.NET3\/2022\/48\/BiLaTex\/2023"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Higher Education, Science and Innovation (MVZI)","award":["C3360-25-452008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C3360-25-452008"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Higher Education, Science and Innovation (MVZI)","award":["MNHA23020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MNHA23020"]}]},{"name":"Estonian Research Council (ETAG)","award":["ERA.NET3\/2022\/48\/BiLaTex\/2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ERA.NET3\/2022\/48\/BiLaTex\/2023"]}]},{"name":"Estonian Research Council (ETAG)","award":["C3360-25-452008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C3360-25-452008"]}]},{"name":"Estonian Research Council (ETAG)","award":["MNHA23020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MNHA23020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bone diseases lead to an increasing demand for implants to treat long bone defects and for load-bearing applications. Osteoporosis care and accidental injuries are major contributors to this rising need. Our research aims to demonstrate innovative material systems and methods for preparing implants that can be used in regenerative medicine. We hypothesize that by combining titanium alloys (Ti6Al4V) with hydroxyapatite (Hap), we can enhance biocompatibility and tribo-mechanical performance, which are critical for the longevity of Ti-based surgical implants. Additionally, we investigate the application of laser surface treatments to expose the underlying porosity, thereby enhancing cell transport and promoting cell growth. In this study, we investigate the effects of two fabrication techniques\u2014Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) and powder metallurgy (PM)\u2014on the properties of laser-textured Ti64\/Hap biocomposites. Our findings demonstrate that the selected processing route significantly influences the microstructure, tribological performance, and surface properties of these materials. An X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis corroborates our results from incubation studies in simulated body fluids, highlighting the impact of phase transformations during sintering on the chemical properties of Ti-Hap composites. Additionally, while laser surface texturing was found to slightly increase the friction coefficient, it markedly enhanced the wear resistance, particularly for the PM and SPS Ti + 5%Hap composites.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma18112468","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,25]],"date-time":"2025-05-25T20:26:50Z","timestamp":1748204810000},"page":"2468","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Effect of Laser Surface Texturing and Fabrication Methods on Tribological Properties of Ti6Al4V\/HAp Biocomposites"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Julia","family":"Sadlik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Materials Engineering and Physics, CUT Doctoral School, Cracow University of Technology, 37 Jana Paw\u0142a II Av., 31-864 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edyta","family":"Kosi\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Materials Engineering and Physics, CUT Doctoral School, Cracow University of Technology, 37 Jana Paw\u0142a II Av., 31-864 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2327-3947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Tomala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Materials Engineering and Physics, Cracow University of Technology, 37 Jana Paw\u0142a II Av., 31-864 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8016-7104","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magdalena","family":"Ba\u0144kosz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Materials Engineering and Physics, CUT Doctoral School, Cracow University of Technology, 37 Jana Paw\u0142a II Av., 31-864 Krakow, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Materials Engineering and Physics, Cracow University of Technology, 37 Jana Paw\u0142a II Av., 31-864 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marko","family":"Polajnar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Tribology and Interface Nanotechnology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Bogi\u0161i\u0107eva 8, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0585-4569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rahul","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Tribology and Interface Nanotechnology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Bogi\u0161i\u0107eva 8, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"},{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Tallinn University of Technology, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5938-1106","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mitjan","family":"Kalin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Tribology and Interface Nanotechnology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Bogi\u0161i\u0107eva 8, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6209-4351","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gaia","family":"Kravanja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Laser Techniques, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, A\u0161ker\u010deva 6, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luka","family":"Hribar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Laser Techniques, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, A\u0161ker\u010deva 6, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3081-2491","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irina","family":"Hussainova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Tallinn University of Technology, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2925-5889","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marek","family":"Nykiel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Materials Engineering and Physics, Cracow University of Technology, 37 Jana Paw\u0142a II Av., 31-864 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0005-6146","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Sobczak-Kupiec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Materials Engineering and Physics, Cracow University of Technology, 37 Jana Paw\u0142a II Av., 31-864 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2003-9052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josef","family":"Jampilek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia"},{"name":"Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacky University Olomouc, Slechtitelu 27, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech 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