{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T20:53:21Z","timestamp":1789160001943,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]],"date-time":"2025-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748390400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Natural Science Project of Science and Technology Program of Xiamen Medical College","award":["K2022-06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K2022-06"]}]},{"name":"the Natural Science Project of Science and Technology Program of Xiamen Medical College","award":["3502Z20214ZD1317"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3502Z20214ZD1317"]}]},{"name":"the Natural Science Project of Science and Technology Program of Xiamen Medical College","award":["JAT210480"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JAT210480"]}]},{"name":"the Xiamen Medical and Health Guidance Project in 2021","award":["K2022-06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K2022-06"]}]},{"name":"the Xiamen Medical and Health Guidance Project in 2021","award":["3502Z20214ZD1317"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3502Z20214ZD1317"]}]},{"name":"the Xiamen Medical and Health Guidance Project in 2021","award":["JAT210480"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JAT210480"]}]},{"name":"the Educational Research Project for Young and Middle-aged Teachers in Fujian Province","award":["K2022-06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K2022-06"]}]},{"name":"the Educational Research Project for Young and Middle-aged Teachers in Fujian Province","award":["3502Z20214ZD1317"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3502Z20214ZD1317"]}]},{"name":"the Educational Research Project for Young and Middle-aged Teachers in Fujian Province","award":["JAT210480"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JAT210480"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Aging of yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP) under wet conditions is known as low-temperature degradation (LTD), which is associated with phase change and decreasing mechanical strength. Herein, we studied the effects of different surface treatments on the LTD of three different commercial Y-TZP blocks utilizing CAD\/CAM technology, namely, Cercon\u00ae, e.max\u00ae ZirCAD, and Vita In-ceram\u00ae YZ. The blocks were immersed in 4% acetic acid at 80 \u00b0C for 0, 7, 14, and 28 days. The effects of surface treatments such as sandblasting and polishing were also examined. The results showed that the monoclinic phase increased with immersion time in all three brands. In Cercon\u00ae blocks, a minimal amount of phase transformation was observed, with the smallest amount of degradation after immersion. Sandblasting and polishing both suppressed phase transformation. After immersion, the mechanical strength exhibited a small decrease with time. Accelerating the evaluation of the LTD of zirconia may effectively help with clinical applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma18112543","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]],"date-time":"2025-05-28T10:21:13Z","timestamp":1748427673000},"page":"2543","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Influence of Different Surface Treatments on the Low-Temperature Degradation of Three Commercial Yttria-Stabilized Tetragonal Zirconia Polycrystal"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3411-6186","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jumei","family":"Tian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Biomaterials, Fujian Province University, School of Stomatology of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huei-Jyuan","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, No. 300 Syuefu Rd., Chiayi City 600355, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2355-7939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wen-Fu","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 811726, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2643-1680","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hsueh-Chuan","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Technology and Materials Science, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung 406053, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shih-Ching","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Technology and Materials Science, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung 406053, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2024.04.008","article-title":"Dielectric probing of low-temperature degradation resistance of commercial zirconia bio-ceramics","volume":"40","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Dent. 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