{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:54:16Z","timestamp":1787028856303,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]],"date-time":"2025-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748908800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013064","name":"key research and development plan of Jiangxi province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20232BBE50017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20232BBE50017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013064","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Shujun Jia","award":["20232BBE50017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20232BBE50017"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study systematically investigates the influence mechanism of the element Cr on the mechanical properties of the heat-affected zone in pipeline steels for supercritical CO2 transportation. Microstructural evolution in the heat affected-zone was characterized through thermal simulation tests, Charpy impact testing (\u221210 \u00b0C), and microhardness measurements, complemented by multiscale microscopic analyses (optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, electron backscatter diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy). The results demonstrate that Cr addition enhances the base metal\u2019s resistance to supercritical CO2 corrosion but reduces its low-temperature impact toughness from 277 J to 235 J at \u221210 \u00b0C. Notably, the intercritical heat-affected zone exhibits severe embrittlement, with impact energy plummeting from 235 J (base metal) to 77 J. Microstructural analysis reveals that Cr interacts with carbon to form stable carbonitride particles, which reduce the free carbon concentration and diffusion coefficient in austenite, thereby inducing heterogeneous austenitization. Undissolved carbonitrides pin grain boundaries, creating carbon concentration gradients. During rapid cooling, these localized carbon-enriched microregions preferentially transform into core\u2013shell-structured M-A constituent, characterized by a micro-twin containing retained austenite core encapsulated by high hardness lath martensite. The synergistic interaction between micro-twins and interfacial thermal mismatch stress induces localized stress concentration, triggering microcrack nucleation and subsequent toughness degradation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma18112607","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]],"date-time":"2025-06-03T06:21:51Z","timestamp":1748931711000},"page":"2607","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Effect of Cr Content on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Heat Affected Zone in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Transport Pipeline Steel"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Rui","family":"Hong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China"},{"name":"Department of Structural Steels, Central Iron and Steel Research Institute, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaodan","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Petroleum Pipeline Engineering Corporation, Langfang 065000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8424-1652","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shubiao","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nengsheng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-8937-1896","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shujun","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Structural Steels, Central Iron and Steel Research Institute, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuxi","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuqin","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qilin","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Structural Steels, Central Iron and Steel Research Institute, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"16","article-title":"Research Progress and Development Trend of Pipes Used in New Energy Transportation in China","volume":"47","author":"Niu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Welded Pipe Tube"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"43","article-title":"Development of HFW Steel Pipe for Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Transportation","volume":"46","author":"Bi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Welded Pipe Tube"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"40","article-title":"Research Status of Carbon Dioxide Pipeline Transportation Technology","volume":"26","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pet. 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