{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T20:20:14Z","timestamp":1790799614699,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,7]],"date-time":"2025-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749254400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has stimulated the search for alternative antimicrobial agents with greater efficacy, low toxicity, and minimal resistance potential. Natural products, such as honey, propolis, and royal jelly, have shown promise due to their biological properties. The integration of natural products like honey and propolis in biomaterials represents a synergistic approach to combat the growing threat of resistant bacterial infections while improving wound care and soft tissue engineering applications. In the present work, we obtained sodium alginate films based on honey, propolis, royal jelly, and their mixture coated with chitosan for soft tissue regeneration. SEM showed that adding bee products altered surface morphology, affecting roughness, porosity, and microstructure. Spectral analysis confirmed specific chemical bonds, while thermal studies indicated a good stability up to 115 \u00b0C. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated against Gram-positive (Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus), Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and yeast strains (Candida albicans), with growth inhibition zone diameters up to 12 mm. In vitro cytotoxicity studies, made on human gingival fibroblasts, suggested good biocompatibility. Antimicrobial assays showed that films containing propolis tincture, alone or as a mixture, were most effective against pathogens. Future research will focus on formulation optimization for biomedical use.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma18122689","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]],"date-time":"2025-06-09T05:54:05Z","timestamp":1749448445000},"page":"2689","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Biomaterials Based on Bee Products and Their Effectiveness in Soft Tissue Regeneration"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Corina Dana","family":"Dumitru","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 1-7 Gheorghe Polizu, 011061 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3197-6455","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ionela 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Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7073-3309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bianca","family":"Voicu Balasea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Center for Dental Research and Development, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Str., 020956 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5504-5156","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cornelia-Ioana","family":"Ilie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 1-7 Gheorghe Polizu, 011061 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"National Research Center for Micro and Nanomaterials, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, 060042 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florica","family":"Marinescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 1-3 Aleea Portocalelor Str., 060101 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"The Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, University of Bucharest, 90-92 Panduri, 050663 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4345-282X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandra","family":"Ripszky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Center for Dental Research and Development, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Str., 020956 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 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