{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T20:06:01Z","timestamp":1791662761902,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,14]],"date-time":"2025-06-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749859200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science and Technological Development and Innovation of the Republic of Serbia","award":["451-03-136\/2025-03\/200052"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451-03-136\/2025-03\/200052"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Flotation tailings (FT), as a product of the exploitation and processing of copper ore, represent a significant environmental and health risk due to the high content of heavy metals and sulfide compounds. Contemporary concepts of sustainable development and circular economy increasingly emphasize the need for rational use of resources and minimization of all types of waste, including mining waste. In this context, the reuse of flotation tailings in the construction industry represents a significant step towards closing the material flow in the mining and construction sectors. In order to reduce the negative impact of FT on the environment, the possibility of its application as a substitute for a portion of cement in the production of concrete was investigated. The main challenge is to reduce the negative impact of sulfides, originating from sulfide compounds, in order to achieve the desired concrete quality. Limestone aggregates of different size fractions (0\/4, 4\/8, 8\/16 mm) were used for sulfide neutralization. Pyrite concentrate was used as a sulfide source, which together with FT provides the mixtures FT-7, FT-14, FT-25, and FT-40, with sulfur contents of 7.56, 13.84, 25.02, and 39.82%, respectively. FT mixtures were used as a substitute for Portland cement (PC) in the preparation of concrete. Test methods included XRD (X-ray diffraction), XRF (X-ray fluorescence), SEM (scanning electron microscopy), LP (leaching procedure), TCLP (toxicity characterization leaching procedure), assessment of acid eluate generation potential (AP\u2014acid potential, NP\u2014neutralization potential, and NNP\u2014net neutralization potential), NEN (determination of heavy metals in cured concrete eluate), and UCS (uniaxial compressive strength of cured concrete). The results showed that the chemical characteristics of FT, as well as the chemical and mechanical properties of hardened concrete, allow the efficient use of these tailings in concrete mixes, which significantly utilizes FT, reduces the generation of mining waste, and contributes to the reduction of the negative impact on the environment and achieving sustainable development in mining.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma18122804","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]],"date-time":"2025-06-16T05:28:33Z","timestamp":1750051713000},"page":"2804","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Application of Flotation Tailings as a Substitute for Cement in Concrete Structures for Environmental Protection and Sustainable Development\u2014Part I: Sulfide Neutralization"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7973-0916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vanja","family":"\u0110ur\u0111evac","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mining and Metallurgy Institute Bor, Alberta Ajn\u0161tajna 1, 19210 Bor, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Novica","family":"Staletovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Ecology and Environmental Protection, University \u201cUnion-Nikola Tesla\u201d, Cara Du\u0161ana 62-64, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lidija \u0110ur\u0111evac","family":"Ignjatovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mining and Metallurgy Institute Bor, Alberta Ajn\u0161tajna 1, 19210 Bor, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3624-4341","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Violeta","family":"Jovanovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Management, Metropolitan University Belgrade, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikola","family":"Vukovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Technology of Nuclear and Other Mineral Raw Materials, Franchet d\u2019Esperey 86, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1110-0547","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vesna","family":"Krsti\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mining and Metallurgy Institute Bor, Alberta Ajn\u0161tajna 1, 19210 Bor, Serbia"},{"name":"Technical Faculty Bor, University of Belgrade, 19210 Bor, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2019.01.107","article-title":"Environmental remediation of sulfidic tailings with froth flotation: Reducing the consumption of additional resources by optimization of conditioning parameters and water recycling","volume":"236","author":"Nuorivaara","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. 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