{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T09:31:24Z","timestamp":1774949484557,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]],"date-time":"2025-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750809600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study investigates, for the first time, using finite element analysis (FEA), the differential impact of middle ear prosthesis diameter on hearing gain in two distinct surgical techniques: stapedotomy and partial stapedectomy. The model represented the cochlea as two fluid-filled straight channels separated by the basilar membrane and considered pistons of 0.4 mm and 0.6 mm diameters. The results demonstrated that in stapedotomy, a 0.6 mm diameter piston yielded a significantly better reduction in ABG (8.31 dB) compared to the 0.4 mm piston (10.67 dB), indicating improved hearing gain. Conversely, in partial stapedectomy, the smaller 0.4 mm piston was more effective, reducing ABG to 11.2 dB versus 12.12 dB with the larger piston. These findings highlight that the optimal prosthesis diameter varies according to surgical technique, emphasizing the need for tailored prosthesis selection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma18133002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]],"date-time":"2025-06-25T03:53:02Z","timestamp":1750823582000},"page":"3002","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Effect of Middle Ear Prosthesis Diameter in Platinotomy and Partial Platinectomy on Hearing Gain: A Finite Element Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2002-9938","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario","family":"Ceddia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanics, Mathematics and Management, Polytechnic of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6214-2336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola","family":"Quaranta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4012-9637","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vito","family":"Pontillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UOC Otolaryngology, University AOUC Policlinico di Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5958-8086","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandra","family":"Murri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UOC Otolaryngology, University AOUC Policlinico di Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4236-4539","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandra","family":"Pantaleo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5759-0692","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bartolomeo","family":"Trentadue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanics, Mathematics and Management, Polytechnic of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70045","DOI":"10.1002\/lio2.70045","article-title":"Otosclerosis and the evolution of stapes surgery: A historical and otopathological study","volume":"9","author":"Rajan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Laryngoscope Investig. Otolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2244","DOI":"10.1007\/s12070-024-04499-w","article-title":"Retrospective Evaluation of Otosclerosis and Stapes Surgery: Changing Trends Over 50 Years","volume":"76","author":"Kasliwal","year":"2024","journal-title":"Indian J. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"66","article-title":"The Comparison of Hearing loss in Otosclerosis Patients in response to Stapedectomy: Hearing loss in Otosclerosis Patients","volume":"4","author":"Rasheed","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pak. J. Health Sci."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3327","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-021-07036-5","article-title":"Cochlear implantation among patients with otosclerosis: A systematic review of clinical characteristics and outcomes","volume":"279","author":"Assiri","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Oto-Rhino-Laryngol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tsetsos, N. (2025). Otosclerosis. Otolaryngology Study Guide: A Case-Based Approach, Springer Nature.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-77374-7"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3628","DOI":"10.1007\/s12070-023-04034-3","article-title":"The Clinical Picture of Otosclerosis and the Surgery Effect on Bone Conduction Thresholds on Audiograms","volume":"75","author":"Trabulsi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Indian J. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"156","article-title":"Management of otosclerosis with obliterated footplate and round window involvement","volume":"52","author":"Priyono","year":"2022","journal-title":"Oto Rhino Laryngol. Indones."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joto.2024.04.002","article-title":"Techniques for otosclerosis surgery: Ear surgery from the microscope to the endoscope A literature review","volume":"19","author":"Gherasie","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Otol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.4103\/indianjotol.indianjotol_60_24","article-title":"Bilateral Double Window Otosclerotic Obliteration: A Case Report and Literature Review","volume":"30","author":"Oren","year":"2024","journal-title":"Indian J. Otol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599818775711","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography of the tympanic membrane and middle ear: A review","volume":"159","author":"Tan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3443","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-023-08429-4","article-title":"Conventional vs. diode laser stapedotomy: Audiological outcomes and clinical safety","volume":"281","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Oto-Rhino-Laryngol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1638","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000003242","article-title":"Endoscopic stapedotomy: A systematic review","volume":"42","author":"Hoskison","year":"2021","journal-title":"Otol. Neurotol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.1002\/ohn.1109","article-title":"Endoscopic Versus Microscopic Stapedotomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials","volume":"172","author":"Albazee","year":"2025","journal-title":"Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2014.01.004","article-title":"Effect of different stapes prostheses on the passive vibration of the basilar membrane","volume":"310","author":"Kwacz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215120002595","article-title":"Hearing results after stapedotomy for otosclerosis: Comparison of prosthesis variables","volume":"135","author":"Odat","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Laryngol. Otol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1508","DOI":"10.1134\/S2075113324701193","article-title":"The Effect of Plastic Deformation Technology on Mechanical Properties of Polytetrafluoroethylene-Based Composites","volume":"15","author":"Petrova","year":"2024","journal-title":"Inorg. Mater. Appl. Res."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martinez, J.S., Peterson, S., Hoel, C.A., Erno, D.J., Murray, T., Boyd, L., Her, J.-H., Mclean, N., Davis, R., and Ginty, F. (2022). High resolution DLP stereolithography to fabricate biocompatible hydroxyapatite structures that support osteogenesis. PLoS ONE, 17.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0272283"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5521","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-022-07551-z","article-title":"Comparison of different oval window sealing materials in stapes surgery: Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"279","author":"Scarpa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Oto-Rhino-Laryngol."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"1575","article-title":"Comparative study between Teflon and Robinson stainless steel Prostheses in ototsclerosis surgery","volume":"27","author":"Abdmnem","year":"2021","journal-title":"Zagazig Univ. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jeurceramsoc.2025.117397","article-title":"Bioactive and biocompatible nacre-like apatite-wollastonite\/polymer composites with enhanced toughness and load-bearing capability","volume":"45","author":"Tabrizian","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Eur. Ceram. Soc."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actamat.2017.02.031","article-title":"Structure-processing correlations and mechanical properties in freeze-cast Ti-6Al-4V with highly aligned porosity and a lightweight Ti-6Al-4V-PMMA composite with excellent energy absorption capability","volume":"132","author":"Weaver","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Mater."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmachtools.2019.01.003","article-title":"The new challenges of machining Ceramic Matrix Composites (CMCs): Review of surface integrity","volume":"139","author":"Diaz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Mach. Tools Manuf."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2300136","DOI":"10.1002\/marc.202300136","article-title":"Enhancing thermal conductivity of hBN\/SiC\/PTFE composites with low dielectric properties via pulse vibration molding","volume":"44","author":"Feng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Macromol. Rapid Commun."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Spa\u0142ek, J., Ociepa, P., Deptu\u0142a, P., Piktel, E., Daniluk, T., Kr\u00f3l, G., G\u00f3\u017ad\u017a, S., Bucki, R., and Ok\u0142a, S. (2022). Biocompatible materials in otorhinolaryngology and their antibacterial properties. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23052575"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mohan, S., Samiyappan, R., and Aadhikesavan, H. (2023). Synthesis, Characterization, and Antimicrobial Activity of Sr-HAP Powders for Biomedical Applications. Handbook of Research on Advanced Functional Materials for Orthopedic Applications, IGI Global.","DOI":"10.4018\/978-1-6684-7412-9.ch014"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lim, J., Goo, W., Kang, D.W., Oh, S.H., and Kim, N. (2023). Effect of closing material on hearing rehabilitation in stapedectomy and stapedotomy: A finite element analysis. Front. Neurosci., 17.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2023.1064890"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1080\/15376494.2024.2350677","article-title":"Optimizing mechanical behavior of middle ear prosthesis using finite element method with material degradation FGM in three functions","volume":"32","author":"Khatir","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mech. Adv. Mater. Struct."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ebrahimian, A., Mohammadi, H., Rosowski, J.J., Cheng, J.T., and Maftoon, N. (2023). Inaccuracies of deterministic finite-element models of human middle ear revealed by stochastic modelling. Sci. Rep., 13.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-34018-w"},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"e20829","article-title":"Evolution of middle ear modelling techniques: A review","volume":"13","author":"Parveen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"3052","article-title":"Thin-film PZT-based multi-channel acoustic MEMS transducer for cochlear implant applications","volume":"22","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liang, J., Motallebzadeh, H., Puria, S., and Guan, X. (2024). Finite-element modeling of the effect of superior canal dehiscence on intracochlear pressures in bone conduction. AIP Conference Proceedings, AIP Publishing.","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0189568"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Caminos, L., Garcia-Manrique, J., Lima-Rodriguez, A., and Gonzalez-Herrera, A. (2018). Analysis of the mechanical properties of the human tympanic membrane and its influence on the dynamic behaviour of the human hearing system. Appl. Bionics Biomech., 2018.","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/1736957"},{"key":"ref_33","unstructured":"Alimi, H.O. (2021). Computation of Two-Dimensional Fluid Motion in the Cochlea. [Master\u2019s Thesis, University of Massachusetts Lowell]."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.5935\/1808-8694.20130058","article-title":"Audiometric evaluation after stapedotomy with Fisch titanium prosthesis","volume":"79","author":"Ataide","year":"2013","journal-title":"Braz. J. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Asakura, T., Ito, R., Hirabayashi, M., Kurihara, S., and Kurashina, Y. (2023). Mechanical effect of reconstructed shapes of autologous ossicles on middle ear acoustic transmission. Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2023.1204972"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1735","DOI":"10.1121\/1.4944949","article-title":"Predictions of middle-ear and passive cochlear mechanics using a finite element model of the pediatric ear","volume":"139","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1051\/epjap\/2022220170","article-title":"Validation using the in vivo experiment of the 3D model of the human ear using the equivalent mechanical impedance of the Mass-Spring-Damper System","volume":"97","author":"Assif","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. Phys. J. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thompson, C.W., Rohani, S.A., Dirckx, J.J., Agrawal, S.K., and Ladak, H.M. (2023). Finite element modelling of the human middle ear using synchrotron-radiation phase-contrast imaging. Comput. Biol. Med., 157.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2023.106747"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1177\/0954411916666109","article-title":"Finite element modelling of sound transmission from outer to inner ear","volume":"230","author":"Areias","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part H J. Eng. Med."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-4486.2009.02067.x","article-title":"Ear-acupressure for allergic rhinitis: A systematic review","volume":"35","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Otolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2012.12.005","article-title":"Finite element modeling of energy absorbance in normal and disordered human ears","volume":"301","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1007\/s10237-013-0479-y","article-title":"A three-dimensional finite element model of round window membrane vibration before and after stapedotomy surgery","volume":"12","author":"Kwacz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biomech. Model. Mechanobiol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burovikhin, D., and Lauxmann, M. (2025). Coupled Finite Element Model of the Middle and Inner Ear as Virtual Test Environment for Stapes Surgery. Int. J. Numer. Methods Biomed. Eng., 41.","DOI":"10.1002\/cnm.70013"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1451073","article-title":"Modeling of the human middle ear using the finite-element method","volume":"111","author":"Koike","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"ref_45","unstructured":"Elghanaoui, S., Assif, S., Faiz, A., and Hajjaji, A. (November, January 31). Numerical Modeling of Sound Transmission in the Human Ear Using Finite Element Analysis: Integration of Lumped-Parametric Model. Proceedings of the International Conference on Advanced Materials for Photonics, Sensing and Energy Conversion Energy Applications, Marrakech, Morocco."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.3390\/acoustics4020021","article-title":"Simulation-Based Study on Round Window Atresia by Using a Straight Cochlea Model with Compressible Perilymph","volume":"4","author":"Hong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acoustics"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yao, W., Zhao, Z., Wang, J., and Duan, M. (2021). Time-domain analysis of a three-dimensional numerical model of the human spiral cochlea at medium intensity. Comput. Biol. Med., 136.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2021.104756"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1159\/000101474","article-title":"Testing a method for quantifying the output of implantable middle ear hearing devices","volume":"12","author":"Rosowski","year":"2007","journal-title":"Audiol. Neurotol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0b013e31822ccb76","article-title":"Ear-canal reflectance, umbo velocity, and tympanometry in normal-hearing adults","volume":"33","author":"Rosowski","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ear Hear."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.12316","article-title":"Structure and function of the mammalian middle ear. II: Inferring function from structure","volume":"228","author":"Mason","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Anat."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1007\/s10162-013-0407-y","article-title":"An analysis of the acoustic input impedance of the ear","volume":"14","author":"Withnell","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Assoc. Res. Otolaryngol. JARO"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106650","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmecsci.2021.106650","article-title":"Analysis of finite element and finite volume methods for fluid-structure interaction simulation of blood flow in a real stenosed artery","volume":"207","author":"Lopes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mech. Sci."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2017.11.007","article-title":"The audiology of otosclerosis","volume":"51","author":"Danesh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Otolaryngol. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1166","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0b013e3181c17941","article-title":"Stapedotomy versus stapedectomy","volume":"30","author":"Fisch","year":"2009","journal-title":"Otol. Neurotol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2005.03.011","article-title":"Air and bone conduction change after stapedotomy and partial stapedectomy for otosclerosis","volume":"133","author":"Quaranta","year":"2005","journal-title":"Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2017.11.008","article-title":"Stapedectomy Versus Stapedotomy","volume":"51","author":"Cheng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Otolaryngol. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-019-05688-y","article-title":"Endoscopic stapedotomy: Safety and audiological results in 150 patients","volume":"277","author":"Bianconi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Oto-Rhino-Laryngol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e844","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000003163","article-title":"Stapedotomy removing only the stapes head and not the entire stapes superstructure: Long-term results","volume":"42","author":"Malafronte","year":"2021","journal-title":"Otol. Neurotol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sennaroglu, L., Bajin, M.D., and Cinar, B.C. (2022). Stapedotomy. Inner Ear Malformations: Classification, Evaluation and Treatment, Springer International Publishing.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-83674-0"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1080\/21695717.2021.1943781","article-title":"Stapedotomy for fenestral otosclerosis: Long term audiovestibular outcomes and complications","volume":"20","author":"Minni","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hear. Balance Commun."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.14639\/0392-100X-N0612","article-title":"Prognostic factors influencing postoperative air-bone gap in stapes surgery","volume":"42","author":"Albera","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Otorhinolaryngol. Ital."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000003145","article-title":"Stapes and stapes revision surgery: Preoperative air-bone gap is a prognostic marker","volume":"42","author":"Sharaf","year":"2021","journal-title":"Otol. Neurotol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1159\/000528260","article-title":"Audiometric and self-reported outcomes in patients with otosclerosis and a small air-bone gap after stapes surgery","volume":"85","author":"Skarzynski","year":"2023","journal-title":"ORL"},{"key":"ref_64","first-page":"141","article-title":"First 100 stapedotomies of a surgeon: Learning curve and functional results","volume":"14","author":"Hanot","year":"2018","journal-title":"B-ENT"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1177\/019459988309100508","article-title":"Small fenestra stapedectomy technique: Reducing risk and improving hearing","volume":"91","author":"Bailey","year":"1983","journal-title":"Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-198407000-00010","article-title":"Partial vs. total footplate removal in stapedectomy: A comparative study","volume":"94","author":"Moon","year":"1984","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-018-4899-2","article-title":"Long-term hearing results of stapedotomy: Analysis of factors affecting outcome","volume":"275","author":"Dhooge","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Oto-Rhino-Laryngol."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000001212","article-title":"The effect of piston diameter in stapedotomy for otosclerosis: A temporal bone model","volume":"37","author":"Wegner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Otol. Neurotol."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2017.11.017","article-title":"Controversies in the Evaluation and Management of Otosclerosis","volume":"51","author":"McElveen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Otolaryngol. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2403","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.27160","article-title":"Predictive factors in 995 stapes surgeries for primary otosclerosis","volume":"128","author":"Khorsandi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0b013e318238266c","article-title":"Response to: The influence of prosthesis diameter in stapes surgery: A meta-analysis and systematic review of the literature","volume":"33","author":"Yung","year":"2012","journal-title":"Otol. Neurotol."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02439972","article-title":"A retrospective study of the hearing results obtained after stapedotomy by the implantation of two Teflon pistons with a different diameter","volume":"254","author":"Grolman","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Otorhino Laryngol."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.3390\/prosthesis5030048","article-title":"Evaluation of rotational stability and stress shielding of a stem optimized for hip replacements\u2014A finite element study","volume":"5","author":"Ceddia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Prosthesis"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ficarella, E., Minooei, M., Santoro, L., Toma, E., Trentadue, B., De Spirito, M., Papi, M., Pruncu, C.I., and Lamberti, L. (2021). Visco-Hyperelastic Characterization of the Equine Immature Zona Pellucida. Materials, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma14051223"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ceddia, M., Solarino, G., Giannini, G., De Giosa, G., Tucci, M., and Trentadue, B. (2024). A Finite Element Analysis Study of Influence of Femoral Stem Material in Stress Shielding in a Model of Uncemented Total Hip Arthroplasty: Ti-6Al-4V versus Carbon Fibre-Reinforced PEEK Composite. J. Compos. Sci., 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcs8070254"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ceddia, M., Solarino, G., Tucci, M., Lamberti, L., and Trentadue, B. (2024). Stress analysis of tibial bone using three different materials for bone fixation plates. J. Compos. Sci., 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcs8090334"}],"container-title":["Materials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1996-1944\/18\/13\/3002\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T17:58:07Z","timestamp":1760032687000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1996-1944\/18\/13\/3002"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]]},"references-count":76,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["ma18133002"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ma18133002","relation":{},"ISSN":["1996-1944"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1996-1944","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]]}}}