{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T23:22:38Z","timestamp":1782516158277,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]],"date-time":"2025-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750982400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"BiOrgaMCT, Procedure BG-RRP-2.004 \u201cEstablishing of a network of research higher education institutions in Bulgaria\u201d","award":["BG-RRP 2.004-0002-C01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BG-RRP 2.004-0002-C01"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A novel bioactive glass\u2013ceramic was developed using biogenic hydroxyapatite (BHA) synthesized from Rapana venosa (Black Sea) shells and monocalcium phosphate monohydrate [Ca(H2PO4)2\u00b7H2O] via solid-state synthesis. The prepared batches were obtained by combining BHA with SiO2, B2O3, and Na2O, melted at 1200 \u00b0C and melt-quenched in water to form glass\u2013ceramic materials. Dense biogenic hydroxyapatite-based ceramics were successfully sintered at 1200 \u00b0C (2 h hold) using a 25 mass % sintering additive composed of 35 mass % B2O3, 45 mass % SiO2, 10 mass % Al2O3, and 10 mass % Na2O. Structural characterization was carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The resulting materials consisted of a well-defined crystalline hydroxyapatite phase [Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2] alongside an amorphous phase. In samples with increased SiO2 and reduced B2O3 content (composition 3), a finely dispersed Na3Ca6(PO4)5 crystalline phase appeared, with a reduced presence of hydroxyapatite. Bioactivity was assessed in simulated body fluid (SBF) after 10 and 20 days of immersion, confirming the material\u2019s ability to support apatite layer formation. The main structural units SiO4, PO4, and BO3 are interconnected through Si\u2013O\u2013Si, B\u2013O\u2013B, P\u2013O\u2013P, and mixed Si\u2013O\u2013Al linkages, contributing to both structural stability and bioactivity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma18133059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]],"date-time":"2025-06-30T11:37:51Z","timestamp":1751283471000},"page":"3059","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Study of New Glass\u2013Ceramic and Dense Ceramic Containing Biogenic Hydroxyapatite"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6498-2662","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tina","family":"Tasheva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Silicate Technology, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 8 Kliment Ohridski blvd, 1797 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albena","family":"Yoleva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Silicate Technology, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 8 Kliment Ohridski blvd, 1797 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janna","family":"Mateeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Silicate Technology, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 8 Kliment Ohridski blvd, 1797 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hristo","family":"Georgiev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Safety, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 8 Kliment Ohridski blvd, 1797 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mattod.2015.10.008","article-title":"Calcium phosphates in biomedical applications: Materials for the future?","volume":"19","author":"Habraken","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mater. 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