{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T13:15:21Z","timestamp":1780492521320,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,23]],"date-time":"2025-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753228800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study investigates the effect of hemp shive granulometry on the thermal conductivity and microstructure of hemp\u2013lime composites. Three distinct particle size fractions\u2014fine, medium, and coarse\u2014were characterized using high-resolution image analysis to determine geometric parameters such as Feret diameters, circularity, and elongation. Composite mixtures with varying binder-to-shive and water-to-shive ratios were prepared and compacted at a consistent level to isolate the influence of aggregate granulometry on thermal performance. Results demonstrate a clear inverse relationship between particle size and thermal conductivity, with coarse fractions reducing thermal conductivity by up to 7.6% compared to fine fractions. Composite density was also affected, decreasing with increasing particle size, confirming the impact of granulometry on pore structure and packing density. However, binder content exhibited the most significant effect on thermal conductivity, with a 20% increase observed for higher binder-to-shive ratios irrespective of shive size. The study further establishes that a 15 g sample size (~2400 particles) provides sufficient statistical accuracy for granulometric characterization using image analysis. These findings provide critical insights for optimizing hemp\u2013lime composites for enhanced thermal insulation performance, supporting sustainable construction practices by informing material formulation and processing parameters.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma18153458","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,23]],"date-time":"2025-07-23T14:22:44Z","timestamp":1753280564000},"page":"3458","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Effect of Hemp Shive Granulometry on the Thermal Conductivity of Hemp\u2013Lime Composites"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6986-8041","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wojciech","family":"Pi\u0105tkiewicz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Civil Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Al. Armii Ludowej 16, 00-637 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5112-4498","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piotr","family":"Narloch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Civil Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Al. Armii Ludowej 16, 00-637 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zuzanna","family":"W\u00f3lczy\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Civil Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Al. Armii Ludowej 16, 00-637 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Ma\u0144czak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Civil Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Al. Armii Ludowej 16, 00-637 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaur, G., and Kander, R. (2023). The Sustainability of Industrial Hemp: A Literature Review of Its Economic, Environmental, and Social Sustainability. Sustainability, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/su15086457"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127857","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2022.127857","article-title":"A Comprehensive Review on the Use of Hemp in Concrete","volume":"341","author":"Barbhuiya","year":"2022","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2014.05.039","article-title":"Thermal Conductivity of Hemp Concretes: Variation with Formulation, Density and Water Content","volume":"65","author":"Collet","year":"2014","journal-title":"Constr. 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