{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T22:17:09Z","timestamp":1781734629075,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753833600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005802","name":"Romanian Ministry of Research, Innovation, and Digitalization under the \u201cREGELE CAROL I\u201d Funding Program for Young Scientists","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["9\/06\/12\/2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["9\/06\/12\/2023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005802","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: Although cyanoacrylate\u2013polylactic acid (CA + PLA) patches shorten the time to hemostasis after partial hepatectomy, their long-term biocompatibility remains uncertain. We compared the 5-month histopathological footprint of a novel CA + PLA patch (Study group) with a licensed fibrinogen\/thrombin matrix (TachoSil\u00ae group) and electrocautery (Control group). Methods: Thirty-three male Wistar rats underwent a 3 \u00d7 1.5 cm hepatic segment resection and were randomized to the Control (n = 5), Study (n = 14), or TachoSil\u00ae (n = 14) group. The animals were sacrificed on postoperative day (POD) 50, 100, or 150. Blinded semiquantitative scoring (0\u20133) was used to capture inflammation intensity, and the number of neutrophils (PMNs), lymphocytes (Ly\u2019s), isolated histiocytes, and foreign-body giant cells (FBGCs). Results: The proportions of animals in each group across the different sacrifice time points were homogeneous (\u03c72 = 4.34, p = 0.36). The median inflammation remained mild (2 [IQR 1\u20132]) in the Control and Study groups but lower in the TachoSil\u00ae group (1 [1\u20132], p = 0.47). The FBGC scores differed markedly (score \u2265 2: 64% in Study, 0% in Control, 14% in TachoSil\u00ae; p &lt; 0.001). Fibrosis occurred almost exclusively in the Study group (79% vs. 0%; \u03c72 = 22.4, p &lt; 0.001). Mature vessels were most frequently observed in the TachoSil\u00ae group (50%, aOR = 5.1 vs. Study, p = 0.04). Abscesses only developed in the Study group (29%, p = 0.046). Within the TachoSil\u00ae group, inflammation (\u03c1 = \u22120.62, p = 0.019) and Ly infiltration (\u03c1 = \u22120.76, p = 0.002) declined with time; no significant temporal trends emerged in the Study group. Conclusions: At the five-month follow-up, there was an exuberant foreign-body reaction, dense collagen deposition, and a higher abscess rate around the CA + PLA patch compared with both TachoSil\u00ae and cautery. Conversely, TachoSil\u00ae evolved toward a mature, well-vascularized scar with waning inflammation. These findings underscore the importance of chronic-phase evaluation before clinical adoption of new hemostatic biomaterials.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma18153581","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T14:00:41Z","timestamp":1753884041000},"page":"3581","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["In Vivo Biocompatibility Assessment of a Novel Cyanoacrylate\u2013Polylactic Acid Hemostatic Patch"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1893-1930","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandru","family":"Ilie-Ene","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, 1st Surgical Clinic, \u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7879-4563","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victor P.","family":"Tosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering Department, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 103-105 Muncii Ave., 400641 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8976-1011","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luciana M.","family":"Gherman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Centre, \u201cIuliu Ha\u0163ieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Louis Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-3484-1836","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorena M.","family":"Hantig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, 1st Surgical Clinic, \u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0844-3662","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Madalin M.","family":"Onofrei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology, Morpho-Functional Sciences, \u201cIuliu Ha\u0163ieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4957-4390","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lavinia P.","family":"Mocan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology, Morpho-Functional Sciences, \u201cIuliu Ha\u0163ieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9419-4824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmen M.","family":"Mihu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology, Morpho-Functional Sciences, \u201cIuliu Ha\u0163ieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4188-1169","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catalin O.","family":"Popa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering Department, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 103-105 Muncii Ave., 400641 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1485-6654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George C.","family":"Dindelegan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, 1st Surgical Clinic, \u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2025, June 15). 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