{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T04:03:07Z","timestamp":1786680187777,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]],"date-time":"2025-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754265600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Jiangsu Provincial Innovation Support Program \u201dBelt and Road\u201d Innovation Cooperation Project","award":["BZ2023006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BZ2023006"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Al-Mg-Si (6XXX) series aluminum alloys are widely applied in aerospace and transportation industries. However, exploring how varying compositions affect alloy properties and deformation mechanisms is often time-consuming and labor-intensive due to the complexity of the multicomponent composition space and the diversity of processing and heat treatments. This study, inspired by the Materials Genome Initiative, employs high-throughput experimentation\u2014specifically the kinetic diffusion multiple (KDM) method\u2014to systematically investigate how the pop-in effect, indentation size effect (ISE), and creep behavior vary with the composition of Al-Mg-Si alloys at room temperature. To this end, a 6016\/Al-3Si\/Al-1.2Mg\/Al KDM material was designed and fabricated. After diffusion annealing at 530 \u00b0C for 72 h, two junction areas were formed with compositional and microstructural gradients extending over more than one thousand micrometers. Subsequent solution treatment (530 \u00b0C for 30 min) and artificial aging (185 \u00b0C for 20 min) were applied to simulate industrial processing conditions. Comprehensive characterization using electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), nanoindentation with continuous stiffness measurement (CSM), and nanoindentation creep tests across these gradient regions revealed key insights. The results show that increasing Mg and Si content progressively suppresses the pop-in effect. When the alloy composition exceeds 1.0 wt.%, the pop-in events are nearly eliminated due to strong interactions between solute atoms and mobile dislocations. In addition, adjustments in the ISE enabled rapid evaluation of the strengthening contributions from Mg and Si in the microscale compositional array, demonstrating that the optimum strengthening occurs when the Mg-to-Si atomic ratio is approximately 1 under a fixed total alloy content. Furthermore, analysis of the creep stress exponent and activation volume indicated that dislocation motion is the dominant creep mechanism. Overall, this enhanced KDM method proves to be an effective conceptual tool for accelerating the study of composition\u2013deformation relationships in Al-Mg-Si alloys.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma18153663","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]],"date-time":"2025-08-04T15:30:06Z","timestamp":1754321406000},"page":"3663","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["High-Throughput Study on Nanoindentation Deformation of Al-Mg-Si Alloys"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-1882-7916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tong","family":"Shen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sino-Spain Joint Laboratory on Biomedical Materials (S2LBM), College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5367-7918","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guanglong","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sino-Spain Joint Laboratory on Biomedical Materials (S2LBM), College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fuwen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sino-Spain Joint Laboratory on Biomedical Materials (S2LBM), College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuaishuai","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing 211167, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuwen","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sino-Spain Joint Laboratory on Biomedical Materials (S2LBM), College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actamat.2023.119160","article-title":"Processing and microstructure\u2013property relations of Al-Mg-Si-Fe crossover alloys","volume":"257","author":"Trink","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Mater."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actamat.2020.10.074","article-title":"Design of solute clustering during thermomechanical processing of AA6016 Al\u2013Mg\u2013Si alloy","volume":"203","author":"Zhu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Mater."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172682","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2023.172682","article-title":"Enhanced strength-conductivity trade-off in Al-Mg-Si alloys with optimized Mg\/Si ratio","volume":"970","author":"Dong","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. 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