{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]],"date-time":"2026-02-08T04:19:45Z","timestamp":1770524385971,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]],"date-time":"2025-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754524800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52409176"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52409176"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24JK0571"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24JK0571"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009103","name":"Education Department of Shaanxi Provincial Government","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52409176"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52409176"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009103","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009103","name":"Education Department of Shaanxi Provincial Government","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24JK0571"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24JK0571"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009103","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hydraulic asphalt concrete (HAC) is susceptible to performance deterioration under long-term water immersion. This study conducted compressive, tensile, and bending tests on HAC under various immersion times (0\u201396 h), established a multidimensional performance evaluation method, and developed a service-life prediction model for long-term water immersion. The average relative error between test values and predicted values was less than 5%, validating the model\u2019s effectiveness and applicability. Results indicate that the rate of mechanical property degradation exhibits stage-dependent characteristics with immersion time, and the water damage resistance of alkaline aggregate is significantly superior to that of acidic aggregate. The predictive model shows that after 192 h of immersion, the retention rate of key mechanical properties for the alkaline aggregate reaches 92.71%, while that for acidic aggregate was only 73.85%. This study establishes a predictive model that provides a theoretical basis for assessing the lifespan of HAC under long-term immersion conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma18153706","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]],"date-time":"2025-08-07T08:33:06Z","timestamp":1754555586000},"page":"3706","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Performance Degradation Behavior and Service Life Prediction of Hydraulic Asphalt Concrete Under Long-Term Water Immersion"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Xinhe","family":"Cai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Powerchina Northwest Engineering Corporation Limited, Xi\u2019an 710065, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Powerchina Northwest Engineering Corporation Limited, Xi\u2019an 710065, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3413-0642","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kangping","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Powerchina Northwest Engineering Corporation Limited, Xi\u2019an 710065, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhiyuan","family":"Ning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Water Engineering Ecology and Environment in Arid Area, Xi\u2019an University of Technology, No. 5 Jinhua Road, Xi\u2019an 710048, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Water Engineering Ecology and Environment in Arid Area, Xi\u2019an University of Technology, No. 5 Jinhua Road, Xi\u2019an 710048, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2021.125362","article-title":"Compressive and tensile stress\u2013strain-strength behavior of asphalt concrete at different temperatures and strain rates","volume":"311","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Constr. 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