{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T22:58:10Z","timestamp":1781305090147,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]],"date-time":"2025-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754956800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study investigated the potential of hazelnut wood (Corylus avellana L.) as an alternative raw material in the production of single-layer structural particleboards. Boards with a target density of 700 kg m\u22123 and thickness of 13 mm were manufactured using varying substitution levels (5%, 10%, 25%, 50% and 100%) of hazel wood particles relative to industrial pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) particles. Phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin was used as the adhesive at a 15% resination rate. Mechanical and physical properties, including modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), internal bond (IB), screw withdrawal resistance (SWR), water absorption (WA), and thickness swelling (TS), were evaluated according to relevant European standards. Density profiles (DP) were also assessed. The results showed that while higher hazel content reduced bending strength (from 23.3 N mm\u22122 for reference to 18.7 N mm\u22122 for 100% hazel wood board) and stiffness (from 3515 N mm\u22122 for reference to 2520 N mm\u22122 for 100% hazel wood board), most boards met standard mechanical requirements of EN 312 for P3 and P5 boards. Notably, IB strength improved significantly at higher hazel content, with the 100% variant (2.07 N mm\u22122) exceeding the reference board (1.57 N mm\u22122). Screw withdrawal resistance also increased with hazel wood addition (from 235 N mm\u22121 for reference to 262 N mm\u22121 for 100% hazel wood board), linked to its higher density. However, water resistance and dimensional stability worsened with increasing hazel content, particularly in bark-containing particles, leading to excessive thickness swelling after prolonged water exposure. Thickness swelling after 24 h of soaking rose from 16.36% for the reference board to 20.13% for the 100% hazel wood board. Density profiles revealed a more uniform internal structure in boards with higher hazel content. Overall, hazelnut wood shows promise as a partial substitute for pine in particleboard production, especially at moderate substitution levels, though limitations in moisture resistance must be addressed for broader industrial application.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma18163773","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]],"date-time":"2025-08-12T07:53:44Z","timestamp":1754985224000},"page":"3773","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Evaluation of Hazel-Derived Particleboard as a Substitute for Conventional Wood-Based Composites"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-3783-8282","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Wronka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Human Nutrition, Warsaw University of Life Sciences\u2212SGGW, Nowoursynowska St. 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0925-3671","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Damian","family":"Wojnicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Human Nutrition, Warsaw University of Life Sciences\u2212SGGW, Nowoursynowska St. 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1269-5367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anita","family":"Wronka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Wood Science and Furniture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences\u2212SGGW, Nowoursynowska St. 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1463-0540","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grzegorz","family":"Kowaluk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Wood Science and Furniture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences\u2212SGGW, Nowoursynowska St. 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2025, July 10). 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