{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T10:42:32Z","timestamp":1788432152285,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756252800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52371210"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52371210"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GZNL2024A01028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GZNL2024A01028"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["E404082900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E404082900"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Major Project of Guangzhou National Laboratory Grant","award":["52371210"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52371210"]}]},{"name":"Major Project of Guangzhou National Laboratory Grant","award":["GZNL2024A01028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GZNL2024A01028"]}]},{"name":"Major Project of Guangzhou National Laboratory Grant","award":["E404082900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E404082900"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011202","name":"State Key Laboratory of Catalysis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52371210"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52371210"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011202","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011202","name":"State Key Laboratory of Catalysis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GZNL2024A01028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GZNL2024A01028"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011202","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011202","name":"State Key Laboratory of Catalysis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["E404082900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E404082900"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011202","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Heteroatom doping is an effective strategy for improving the sodium storage performance of hard carbon. However, the use of sulfur and fluorine codoped carbon materials as anodes for sodium-ion batteries has not been reported. Here, an S-infused\/S, F-codoped PVDF-derived carbon SFC5 was prepared by one-step carbonization of PVDF and synchronously used as an anode for a sodium-ion battery. The prepared SFC5 containing 10.11 at% S and 9.54 at% F is a short-range ordered amorphous carbon with a microporous structure. Owing to the structural advantages of S, F codoping, and the high specific capacity of S, SFC5 exhibited an outstanding sodium storage performance of 365 mAh g\u22121 after 200 cycles at 50 mA g\u22121 and 212 mAh g\u22121 after 500 cycles at 400 mA g\u22121. Moreover, theoretical calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) verify that S and F codoping can considerably reduce the Na+ adsorption energy and increase the electronic conductivity of SFC5. The current study presents a viable and facile approach to prepare high-performance, low-cost anode materials for SIBs, supported by empirical evidence and theoretical computations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma18174018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T07:43:16Z","timestamp":1756366996000},"page":"4018","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["An S-Infused\/S, F-Codoped PVDF-Derived Carbon as a High-Performance Anode for Sodium-Ion Batteries"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Jianjiao","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Multiscale Spin Physics, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, School of Physics and Astronomy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Multiscale Spin Physics, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, School of Physics and Astronomy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pengyu","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Multiscale Spin Physics, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, School of Physics and Astronomy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiakun","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Multiscale Spin Physics, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, School of Physics and Astronomy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0442-8103","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kui-Qing","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Multiscale Spin Physics, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, School of Physics and Astronomy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1038\/451652a","article-title":"Building better batteries","volume":"451","author":"Armand","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1212741","article-title":"Electrical Energy Storage for the Grid: A Battery of Choices","volume":"334","author":"Dunn","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2010.08.056","article-title":"Resource constraints on the battery energy storage potential for grid and transportation applications","volume":"196","author":"Wadia","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. 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