{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T21:35:58Z","timestamp":1788212158999,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756425600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study investigates rapid-setting, phosphate-based, chemically bonded phosphate ceramic (CBPC) composites for emergency pothole repair through a two-phase experimental approach. Phase I involved fundamental mix design experiments that systematically examined the effects of water-to-binder ratio (20\u201340%), filler content (10\u201350%), and phosphate powder fineness (570\u20133640 cm2\/g) on setting and mechanical performance. Based on Phase I results, Phase II evaluated field-applicable mixes optimized for concrete and asphalt pavement conditions in terms of rapid strength development: compressive strength exceeding 24 MPa within 30 min, flexural strength surpassing 3.4 MPa within 1 h, and adhesive strength reaching up to 1.62 MPa (concrete) and 0.68 MPa (asphalt) within 4 h. Additional performance evaluations included Marshall stability (49,848 N), water-immersion residual stability (100% under the test protocol), length change (small magnitude over 28 days), and self-filling behavior (complete filling in 17 s in the specified setup). These rapid early-age results met or surpassed relevant domestic specifications used for emergency repair materials. Based on these data, mix designs for field application are proposed, and practical implications and limitations for early-age performance are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma18174045","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T08:01:01Z","timestamp":1756454461000},"page":"4045","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Mix Design and Early-Age Performance of Rapid-Setting Phosphate-Based CBPCs for Emergency Road Repair"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1473-7380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaeyoung","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fire Administration and Disaster Management, The College of Humanities & Social Sciences, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, G., Wu, H., Li, P., Qiu, J., and Nian, T. 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