{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T07:35:30Z","timestamp":1771572930865,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":142,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756771200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The effect of dislocation pile-ups responsible for the generation or annihilation of dislocations during friction of Ag and Ni was considered. The steady-state friction was accompanied by the formation of twin bundles, intersecting twins, dislocations, adiabatic elongated shear bands, and intense dynamic recrystallization. The mechanisms of microstructural stability and friction instability were analyzed. The theoretical models of dislocation generation and annihilation in nanocrystalline FCC metals in the context of plastic deformation and failure development under friction were proposed. The transition to unstable friction was estimated. The damage of Ag was exhibited in the formation of pores, reducing the contact area and significantly increasing the shear stress. The brittle fracture of Ni represents a catastrophic failure associated with the formation of super-hard nickel oxide. Deformation resistance of the dislocation structures in the mesoscale and macroscale was compared. The coefficient of similitude (K) has been introduced in this work to compare plastic deformation at different scales. The model of the strength\u2013ductility trade-off and microstructural instability is considered. The interaction between the migration of dislocation pile-ups and the driving forces applied to the grain boundaries was estimated. Nanostructure stabilization through the addition of a polycrystalline element (solute) to the crystal interiors in order to reduce the free energy of grain boundary interfaces was investigated. The thermodynamic driving force and kinetic energy barrier involved in strengthening, brittleness, or annealing under plastic deformation and phase formation in alloys and composite materials were examined.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma18174123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T14:16:55Z","timestamp":1756822615000},"page":"4123","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Microstructural Stability and Transition to Unstable Friction for FCC Metals: Ag and Ni"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Alexey","family":"Moshkovich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science, Holon Institute of Technology, Holon 5810201, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Inna","family":"Popov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6408-5424","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergei","family":"Remennik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6610-7554","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lev S.","family":"Rapoport","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science, Holon Institute of Technology, Holon 5810201, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1455","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1255940","article-title":"Making strong nanomaterials ductile with gradients","volume":"345","author":"Lu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1601942","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.1601942","article-title":"Lowering coefficient of friction in Cu alloys with stable gradient nanostructures","volume":"2","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. 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