{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T12:17:30Z","timestamp":1777033050754,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]],"date-time":"2025-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757030400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Hubei Province Science and Technology Plan Project (Key R&amp;D Special Project), China","award":["2023BCB070"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023BCB070"]}]},{"name":"Hubei Province Science and Technology Plan Project (Key R&amp;D Special Project), China","award":["2022B01042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022B01042"]}]},{"name":"Key R&amp;D Program Project in Xinjiang, China","award":["2023BCB070"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023BCB070"]}]},{"name":"Key R&amp;D Program Project in Xinjiang, China","award":["2022B01042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022B01042"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To address scaling issues in oilfield water injection, a degradable terpolymer scale inhibitor MA-AA-AMPS (terpolymer)was synthesized via aqueous solution polymerization using maleic anhydride, acrylic acid, and 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid as monomers. Characterization confirmed the presence of carboxyl, sulfonic, and amide groups in the copolymer with good thermal stability. Scale inhibition tests showed that at 2% dosage, its scale inhibition efficiency exceeded 80%, remaining above 80% in the pH range of 3\u20138 and over 50% at 150 \u00b0C, with excellent tolerance to high-calcium environments. Biodegradation tests revealed BOD5\/COD &gt; 0.3, with a biodegradation rate exceeding 50% in 15 days and reaching 83.4% in 30 days, indicating environmental friendliness. This scale inhibitor effectively solves scaling problems in oilfield water injection systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma18174163","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]],"date-time":"2025-09-05T07:46:17Z","timestamp":1757058377000},"page":"4163","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Synthesis and Characterization of Biodegradable Terpolymer Scale Inhibitors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Fei","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Petroleum Engineering, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China"},{"name":"National Engineering Research Center for Oil & Gas Drilling and Completion Technology, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China"},{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Drilling and Production Engineering, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Catalysis and Carbon Dioxide Utilization, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7747-2423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peng","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Petroleum Engineering, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China"},{"name":"National Engineering Research Center for Oil & Gas Drilling and Completion Technology, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China"},{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Drilling and Production Engineering, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Catalysis and Carbon Dioxide Utilization, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yongqing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sinopec North China Company, Zhengzhou 450006, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sinopec North China Company, Zhengzhou 450006, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5940","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.energyfuels.7b00508","article-title":"Study on Various Readily Available Proteins as New Green Scale Inhibitors for Oilfield Scale Control","volume":"31","author":"Mady","year":"2017","journal-title":"Energy Fuels"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7343","DOI":"10.1021\/acsanm.0c01391","article-title":"Review of Nanotechnology Impacts on Oilfield Scale Management","volume":"3","author":"Mady","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Appl. 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