{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T00:07:30Z","timestamp":1760918850350,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760659200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["88887.907398\/2023-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["88887.907398\/2023-00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Foundation for the Support of Research and Innovation in the State of Santa Catarina","award":["733\/2024","734\/2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["733\/2024","734\/2024"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Light-curing gingiva-colored composite resins (GCCs) are widely used for their esthetics and versatility, although they remain susceptible to discoloration. This in vitro study evaluated the effect of GCC thickness on color stability under different staining solutions and immersion times. Four hundred specimens were fabricated with a 3D-printed resin (P Pro; Institut Straumann AG), incorporating circular intaglio areas of varying thicknesses (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0 mm), into which paste (Nexco; Ivoclar AG) or flowable (Gradia Gum; GC Corp) GCCs were applied. After artificial aging in water at 55 \u00b0C for 5 days, specimens were immersed in coffee, black tea, red wine, or distilled water (control). Color differences (\u0394E00) were assessed using digital photocolorimetry (eLAB protocol) and the CIEDE2000 formula at 2.5, 5, and 7 days. Data for each consistency were analyzed with 3-way repeated measures ANOVA and Tukey HSD (\u03b1 = 0.05). Thicker GCCs (0.6\u20131.0 mm) showed significantly greater discoloration (p &lt; 0.05). Flowable GCCs were more prone to color changes induced by coffee (p &lt; 0.05), whereas paste GCCs exhibited more discoloration with black tea (p &lt; 0.05). Extended immersion time increased color change, particularly in flowable GCCs. Overall, GCC thickness, immersion duration, and material consistency influenced long-term color stability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma18204757","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T10:28:36Z","timestamp":1760696916000},"page":"4757","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effect of Thickness on Color Stability of Gingiva-Colored Composite Resins Applied to 3D-Printed Resin"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3508-0018","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liliane da Rocha Bonatto","family":"Drummond","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florian\u00f3polis 88040-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4049-002X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabela","family":"Reginaldo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florian\u00f3polis 88040-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7193-7461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"La\u00eds","family":"Duarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florian\u00f3polis 88040-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3356-5414","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zuila Maria Lobato","family":"Wanghon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florian\u00f3polis 88040-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8217-372X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Analucia Gebler","family":"Philippi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florian\u00f3polis 88040-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9941-7951","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luiz Ot\u00e1vio de Oliveira","family":"Pala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics, Institute of Exact Sciences and Technology, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Lavras 37203-202, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1762-7059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patr\u00edcia","family":"Pauletto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de las Americas (UDLA), Quito 170513, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0510-2140","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thais Marques Simek Vega","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florian\u00f3polis 88040-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"138","article-title":"Color Change in Acrylic Resin Processed in Three Ways After Immersion in Water, Cola, Coffee, Mate and Wine","volume":"26","author":"Waldemarin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Odontol. 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