{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T15:41:17Z","timestamp":1761061277305,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761004800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YFB3707401"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFB3707401"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Guangdong Province Basic and Applied Basic Research Regional Joint Fund\u2013Youth Fund Project","award":["2024A1515110283"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024A1515110283"]}]},{"name":"Research Projects of Department of Education of Guangdong Province","award":["2024ZDZX3080"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024ZDZX3080"]}]},{"name":"Start-up funding of Ningbo Innovation Center of Zhejiang University","award":["NBCL2023X006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NBCL2023X006"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The network architecture has demonstrated considerable potential for enhancing the strength\u2013ductility synergy in metal matrix composites (MMCs). Intuitively, the intersections of network layers are expected to induce a stress concentration, leading to premature brittle fractures. Introducing chamfers to round the network cells may mitigate the local stress concentration and thereby improve elongation. Here, a numerical simulation framework was developed to investigate the effect of chamfering on the mechanical behavior of a three-dimensional (3D) continuous SiC3D\/Al composite with a network architecture. A Voronoi tessellation algorithm was employed to generate the continuous network structural SiC phase. By inducing ductile and brittle damage criterions in the matrix and reinforcement elements, respectively, the mechanical behavior can be predicted via the finite element method (FEM). The predicted mechanical properties reveal an unexpected trend: chamfering results in a simultaneous reduction in both strength (from 367 MPa to 312 MPa) and elongation (from 4.1% to 2.0%). With chamfering, the enlarged intersection of the network layer bears a lower load, whereas the narrower network plates exhibit higher stress concentrations. As a result, the overall load-bearing capacity of the SiC3D reinforcement decreases monotonically with an increasing chamfer size f. Furthermore, the non-uniform stress distribution promotes the premature fracture of the SiC3D, which reduces elongation. Additionally, the crack deflection behavior is suppressed in the chamfered models, leading to decreasing energy dissipation. This unanticipated outcome highlights an important architectural design principle: maintaining uniform geometric dimensions is critical for achieving optimal composite performance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma18204810","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T14:53:19Z","timestamp":1761058399000},"page":"4810","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Numerical Investigation on Effect of Chamfering on Mechanical Behaviors in Continuous Network Composite"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Tao","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ningbo Global Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China"},{"name":"Institute for Composites Science Innovation (InCSI), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tianzi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Composites Science Innovation (InCSI), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3628-9697","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianchao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Composites Science Innovation (InCSI), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cheng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Composites Science Innovation (InCSI), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bowen","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Composites Science Innovation (InCSI), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenting","family":"Ouyang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Composites Science Innovation (InCSI), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Likun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ningbo Global Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sainan","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ningbo Global Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5597-9111","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhong","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials and Energy, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6398-4180","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bo","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Intelligent Manufacturing Technology, Shenzhen Polytechnic University, Shenzhen 518055, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Composites Science Innovation (InCSI), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4147-7070","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiang","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ningbo Global Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1093\/gji\/ggae330","article-title":"Theoretical model for the elastic properties of cracked fluid-saturated rocks considering the crack connectivity","volume":"239","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Geophys. J. Int."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applthermaleng.2023.121296","article-title":"Design and modelling of porous gyroid heatsinks: Influences of cell size, porosity and material variation","volume":"235","author":"Samson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Appl. Therm. Eng."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2009.06.038","article-title":"Anisotropic damping behavior of closed-cell aluminum foam","volume":"31","author":"Mu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mater. Des."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108599","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2020.108599","article-title":"Effects of impactor shape on the deformation and energy absorption of closed cell aluminium foams under low velocity impact","volume":"191","author":"Islam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mater. Des."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2300419","DOI":"10.1002\/adem.202300419","article-title":"Sound absorption performance and mechanism of aluminum foams with double main pore-porous cell wall structure","volume":"25","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Eng. Mater."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104472","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mechrescom.2025.104472","article-title":"Dynamic perforation behavior of closed-cell aluminium foams and foam core sandwich panels with various shaped projectile tips","volume":"148","author":"Islam","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mech. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5813","DOI":"10.1007\/s40964-025-00953-5","article-title":"A short review of bio-inspired structures prepared using additive manufacturing for energy absorption applications","volume":"10","author":"Karthikeyan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Prog. Addit. Manuf."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113866","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2025.113866","article-title":"TPMS-based metamaterials with tuneable elastic anisotropy and mechanical coupling","volume":"253","author":"Stephen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mater. Des."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2402727","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202402727","article-title":"Imperfection-Enabled Strengthening of Ultra-Lightweight Lattice Materials","volume":"11","author":"Ding","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msea.2012.03.019","article-title":"Tailoring a novel network reinforcement architecture exploiting superior tensile properties of in situ TiBw\/Ti composites","volume":"545","author":"Huang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. A"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167444","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2022.167444","article-title":"Profound strengthening and toughening effect of reinforcement aspect ratio in composite with network architecture","volume":"931","author":"Gao","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compd."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2101778","DOI":"10.1002\/adem.202101778","article-title":"Microstructure and Properties of Titanium Matrix Composites Synergistically Reinforced by Graphene Oxide and Alloying Elements","volume":"25","author":"Yu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Eng. Mater."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115037","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scriptamat.2022.115037","article-title":"Regulating microstructure of Al matrix composites with nanocarbon architecture design towards prominent strength-ductility combination","volume":"222","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Scr. Mater."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113825","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scriptamat.2021.113825","article-title":"In-situ Al2O3-Al interface contribution towards the strength-ductility synergy of Al-CuO composite fabricated by solid-state reactive sintering","volume":"198","author":"Rong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Scr. Mater."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scriptamat.2011.01.011","article-title":"Room temperature tensile fracture characteristics of in situ TiBw\/Ti6Al4V composites with a quasi-continuous network architecture","volume":"64","author":"Huang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Scr. Mater."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2775","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-16490-4","article-title":"A powder-metallurgy-based strategy toward three-dimensional graphene-like network for reinforcing copper matrix composites","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167661","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2022.167661","article-title":"Synthesis of heterogeneity-improved heterostructured 2024Al alloy with excellent synergy of strength and ductility via powder thixoforming","volume":"932","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compd."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142675","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msea.2022.142675","article-title":"The improved strength and ductility of ZrCp\/2024Al composites with a quasi-network microstructure fabricated by spark plasma sintering and T6 heat treatment","volume":"841","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. A"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2024.111259","article-title":"Hierarchically heterogeneous strategy for Ti2AlC\/TiAl composite with superior mechanical properties","volume":"273","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Compos. B Eng."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apt.2019.02.017","article-title":"In-situ manufacturing of NiAl-TiC composites with three dimensional (3D) discrete particular network and bi-continuous microstructures","volume":"30","author":"Mohammad","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Powder Technol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2450084","DOI":"10.1142\/S1758825124500844","article-title":"Investigation on critical microstructure size for numerical analysis of metal-matrix composites with network reinforcement architecture","volume":"16","author":"Gao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Appl. Mech."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmatsci.2018.02.003","article-title":"Generation of 3D representative volume elements for heterogeneous materials: A review","volume":"96","author":"Bargmann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prog. Mater. Sci."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1016\/j.commatsci.2014.08.008","article-title":"Experimental observation and numerical simulation of SiC3D\/Al interpenetrating phase composite material subjected to a three-point bending load","volume":"95","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Comp. Mater. Sci."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actamat.2014.06.045","article-title":"Simulation of damage and failure processes of interpenetrating SiC\/Al composites subjected to dynamic compressive loading","volume":"78","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Mater."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actamat.2018.01.005","article-title":"3D stochastic bicontinuous microstructures: Generation, topology and elasticity","volume":"149","author":"Soyarslan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Mater."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103098","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mechmat.2019.103098","article-title":"Effective elastic properties of 3D stochastic bicontinuous composites","volume":"137","author":"Soyarslan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mech. Mater."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijengsci.2019.06.012","article-title":"Multiscale computational modelling of closed cell metallic foams with detailed microstructural morphological control","volume":"143","author":"Ghazi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Eng. Sci."},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"105298","article-title":"Efficient computational modelling of closed cell metallic foams using a morphologically controlled shell geometry","volume":"168","author":"Ghazi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Eng. Sci."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3629","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmrt.2023.08.123","article-title":"Microstructure-based simulation on the mechanical behavior of particle reinforced metal matrix composites with varying particle characteristics","volume":"26","author":"Yan","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Mater. Res. Technol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compscitech.2015.11.014","article-title":"3D Microstructure-based finite element modeling of deformation and fracture of SiCp\/Al composites","volume":"123","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Compos. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mechmat.2018.04.011","article-title":"Simulation of anisotropic load transfer and stress distribution in SiCp\/Al composites subjected to tensile loading","volume":"122","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mech. Mater."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msea.2018.10.105","article-title":"Strengthening and fracture behaviors in SiCp\/Al composites with network particle distribution architecture","volume":"740\u2013741","author":"Gao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. A"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1950065","DOI":"10.1142\/S1758825119500650","article-title":"Numerical study on mechanical properties of quasi-continuous SiCp\/Al network composites with various particle size ratios (PSRs)","volume":"11","author":"Gao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Appl. Mech."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actamat.2010.11.004","article-title":"Internal load transfer in a metal matrix composite with a three-dimensional interpenetrating structure","volume":"59","author":"Roy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Mater."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100725","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtla.2020.100725","article-title":"Fracture behaviour of SiCp\/Al composites with network architecture","volume":"12","author":"Gao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Materialia"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/S0921-5093(02)00024-2","article-title":"Structure\u2013property correlation in discontinuously reinforced aluminium matrix composites as a function of relative particle size ratio","volume":"337","author":"Prasad","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. A"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172542","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2023.172542","article-title":"Gaining strength-ductility combination in Al matrix composites with in-situ synthesized three-dimensional nanocarbon network","volume":"970","author":"Lin","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compd."}],"container-title":["Materials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1996-1944\/18\/20\/4810\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T15:05:51Z","timestamp":1761059151000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1996-1944\/18\/20\/4810"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"20","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["ma18204810"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ma18204810","relation":{},"ISSN":["1996-1944"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1996-1944","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]]}}}