{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T07:30:32Z","timestamp":1791099032057,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761091200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Poland","award":["16.16.170.654\/B507"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16.16.170.654\/B507"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The article presents the results of a study aimed at determining the impact of storage conditions on the gas-forming tendency of standard samples (cores) made from moulding sand using a two-component binder based on resole-type phenolic resin, cured with a dedicated ester mixture. The objective of the research was to determine the total volume of gases released as a result of contact between the cores or moulds and the high temperature of molten casting alloys, as well as the rate of gas release, which can influence the tendency for gas-related casting defects. Additionally, the influence of storage conditions on the gas-forming tendency of the samples was evaluated in terms of their environmental and occupational health impact, based on the emission of BTEX compounds (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes), which serve as key indicators of the harmfulness of moulding and core sands to the surrounding environment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma18214832","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T05:20:44Z","timestamp":1761196844000},"page":"4832","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The Impact of Storage Conditions on the Gas-Forming Tendency of Moulds and Cores Made with Resole-Type Phenol Formaldehyde Resin"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1964-6154","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Artur","family":"Bobrowski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Foundry Engineering, AGH University of Krakow, Reymonta 23, 30059 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8436-8324","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Faustyna","family":"Wo\u017aniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Foundry Engineering, AGH University of Krakow, Reymonta 23, 30059 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3348-5991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sylwia","family":"\u017bymankowska-Kumon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Foundry Engineering, AGH University of Krakow, Reymonta 23, 30059 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hubert","family":"Zi\u0119tal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Foundry Engineering, AGH University of Krakow, Reymonta 23, 30059 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kacper","family":"Januszek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Foundry Engineering, AGH University of Krakow, Reymonta 23, 30059 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2610-3414","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beata","family":"Grabowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Foundry Engineering, AGH University of Krakow, Reymonta 23, 30059 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.51983\/ajsat-2018.7.1.1025","article-title":"Analysis of Chemically Bonded Sand Used for Molding in Foundry","volume":"7","author":"Mhamane","year":"2018","journal-title":"Asian J. 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