{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T13:05:40Z","timestamp":1762866340956,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762819200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31800481"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31800481"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Science-technology Support Foundation of Guizhou Province of China","award":["[2019]2308"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["[2019]2308"]}]},{"name":"Outstanding Youth Science and Technology Talent Project of Guizhou Province of China","award":["YQK [2023]003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YQK [2023]003"]}]},{"name":"Guizhou Multi-Tier Talent Cultivation Program","award":["[2024]202207"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["[2024]202207"]}]},{"name":"Research Center for the Coordinated Development of the New Urbanization Construction of Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture","award":["YTH-PT202405"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YTH-PT202405"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study investigates how poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) influences melamine\u2013urea\u2013formaldehyde (MUF) resin, particularly regarding tensile properties, bonding strength, water resistance, curing temperature, chemical structure, and microscopic morphology. By altering the PVA content, we observed changes in the tensile strength and elongation of MUF resin. The tensile strength peaked at a 2% PVA addition. PVA significantly enhanced the dry, cold water, and boiling water bonding strengths of MUF resin, with the most notable effect at a 10% addition. A low PVA addition (2%) notably improved the water resistance of glued wood. Differential scanning calorimetry revealed that PVA increased the curing temperature of MUF resin, though excessive PVA led to a decrease. Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis showed changes in chemical bonds after PVA modification, indicating increased polymerization. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy analyses further confirmed the effects of PVA on the crystal structure and microscopic morphology of MUF resin, with modified resins exhibiting higher toughness fracture characteristics. These findings suggest that PVA can effectively enhance the overall performance of MUF resin, making it more suitable for applications of glued wood.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma18225125","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T12:44:55Z","timestamp":1762865095000},"page":"5125","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effect of Poly (Vinyl Alcohol) on the Properties of Cold-Setting Melamine\u2013Urea\u2013Formaldehyde Resin Adhesive"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Jiankun","family":"Liang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Civil Engineering, Kaili University, Qiandongnan 556011, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bengang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forest Products Industry Research Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Forestry Sciences, Nanchang 330013, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Longxu","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuqi","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caihong","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhixian","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Civil Engineering, Kaili University, Qiandongnan 556011, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0270-9123","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhigang","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1007\/s42114-020-00151-7","article-title":"Adhesive Properties of Urea-Formaldehyde Resins Blended with Soy Protein Concentrate","volume":"3","author":"Bacigalupe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. 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