{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T06:02:58Z","timestamp":1763445778196,"version":"3.45.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762819200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Saturated and branched high molecular weight organic esters are highly valued as emollients in the cosmetic industry due to their superior properties. Their saturated character provides resistance to oxidation and rancidity. Additionally, their branched structure endows them with low melting temperatures, enabling them to remain liquid over a broad temperature range. These esters can be obtained from branched alcohols, branched fatty acids or both, using chemical or enzymatic processes. Among branched alcohols, Guerbet alcohols stand out. Due to their characteristic properties as branched, saturated alcohols with superior oxidative stability and extremely low volatility, they are proposed as excellent substrates for the enzymatic synthesis of these compounds. This study represents the first investigation into the biocatalytic synthesis of three specific esters: those formed between 2-octyl-1-dodecanol (C20 Guerbet alcohol) and the fatty acids myristic (MA), palmitic (PA), and stearic acid (SA). To achieve this, an environmentally sustainable biocatalytic process was developed. The synthesis involves a solvent-free esterification catalyzed by the commercial immobilized lipase, Lipozyme\u00ae 435, conducted within a vertically stirred, thermostated batch tank reactor. Optimal conditions for lipase concentration and temperature were established, and the sustainability of the process was successfully quantified using various \u201cgreen metrics\u201d.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma18225129","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T14:28:59Z","timestamp":1762871339000},"page":"5129","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Guerbet Alcohols, Ideal Substrates for the Sustainable Production of Branched Esters"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4531-6717","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Claudia","family":"Montiel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, Campus of Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3086-7890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fuensanta","family":"M\u00e1ximo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, Campus of Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7051-729X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"G\u00f3mez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, Campus of Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1582-0899","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Dolores","family":"Murcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, Campus of Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1536-4168","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salvadora","family":"Ortega-Requena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, Campus of Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3944-9123","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josefa","family":"Bastida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, Campus of Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"321","article-title":"Silicones\u2014A key ingredient in cosmetic and toiletry formulations","volume":"Volume 4","year":"2014","journal-title":"Handbook of Cosmetic Science and Technology"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"O\u2019Lenick, A.J. 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