{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T21:31:19Z","timestamp":1783459879434,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764201600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"opening project of State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety Protection","award":["KFJJ22-03M"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KFJJ22-03M"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003453","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021A1515110677"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021A1515110677"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003453","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"2025 College Students\u2019 Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program of Dongguan University of Technology","award":["202511819167"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202511819167"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In aerospace engineering, structural lightweight remains one of the core design objectives. Here, a design methodology combining topology optimization (TO) with honeycomb materials is proposed to achieve lightweight for a typical aircraft double-lug joint structure (DLJS). The initial DLJS is topologically optimized using the variable density method to identify optimal material distribution. The optimized result is then reconstructed into a regular geometric model using the three dimensional (3D) modeling software SolidWorks 2022. In the reconstructed DLJS, the lower stress regions are replaced with honeycomb materials possessing superior mechanical properties or either removed to further enhance stiffness-to-weight ratio. Numerical strength verifications are performed on the final designed DLJS, demonstrating that the maximum stresses designed DLJS remain below the material yield strength under three typical load cases, meeting both strength requirements and safety margins. The mass of the designed DLJS is 38.44 kg, achieving a weight reduction rate of 59.7% compared to the initial DLJS (95.38 kg). Finally, the fabrication feasibility of the designed DLJS is evaluated, and a scaled-down DLJS specimen is fabricated using 3D printing technology with photopolymer resin. This work demonstrates the effectiveness and potential of TO combined with honeycomb materials in lightweighting complex 3D engineering components, providing valuable insights for the lightweight design of intricate 3D structures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma18235339","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T11:50:13Z","timestamp":1764244213000},"page":"5339","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Lightweight Design of Aircraft Double-Lug Joint Structure Based on Topology Optimization and Honeycomb Materials"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Haifeng","family":"Ou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-9700-6555","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shumeng","family":"Pang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety Protection, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weijun","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety Protection, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China"},{"name":"Earthquake Engineering Research & Test Center, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiquan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1108\/MMMS-05-2024-0141","article-title":"Aircraft joint structure lightweight design","volume":"20","author":"Zhu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Multidiscip. 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