{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,24]],"date-time":"2025-12-24T11:30:02Z","timestamp":1766575802460,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765152000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Kalisz"},{"name":"Institutional Endowment for the Long Term Conceptual Development of Research Institutes"},{"name":"Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A methodology of statistical processing has been developed and practical implementations of the application of vibration signals in the analysis of the evolution of damage accumulation in ship bearings have been performed. It has been shown that vibration signals are multicomponent, representing a finite additive set of multi-scale components localized in time and frequency domains of different vibration types. A conceptual model and algorithm for searching for optimal information indicators in technical condition monitoring systems, based on reducing the dimensionality of input information using the principal component method, have been developed. In this paper, the principal component method is approximated by an n-dimensional observation region in an n-dimensional ellipsoid, the semiaxes of which will be the main components. In this case, the input data matrix is transformed into a matrix of normalized centered values, and the set of points is represented by their distances to straight lines and planes. The tangent to the exponential trend of change in the corresponding component in the pre-destruction area has been chosen as the criteria for assessing the approach to the state of degradation and failure. It is shown that among the studied components, the first and third components are the most informative. The specification of the main components reflects the linear diversity of statistical features of vibration signals and can be an indicator of the state of the object under study. Thanks to vibration analysis, the user receives information about the technical condition and approach to degradation of the material.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma18245507","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T15:30:07Z","timestamp":1765207807000},"page":"5507","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Information Indicators of Occurrence and Monitoring of Material Structure Degradation in Vibrodiagnostic Systems During Loading"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Artem","family":"Sharko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of New Technologies and Applied Informatics, Faculty of Mechatronics, Informatics and Interdisciplinary Studies, Technical University of Liberec, Studentsk\u00e1 1402\/2, 46117 Liberec, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5027-2213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dmitro","family":"Stepanchikov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Energetics, Electrical Engineering, and Physics, Kherson National Technical University, 73008 Kherson, Ukraine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oleksandr","family":"Sharko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Transport Technologies and Ship Repair, Kherson State Maritime Academy, 73000 Kherson, Ukraine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andriy","family":"Buketov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Transport Technologies and Ship Repair, Kherson State Maritime Academy, 73000 Kherson, Ukraine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0426-2943","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Petr","family":"Louda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polytechnic Faculty, University of Kalisz, Pl. Wojciecha Bogus\u0142awskiego 2, 62-800 Kalisz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bogdan","family":"Maslyiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Specialized Computer Systems, Faculty of Computer Information Technologies, West\r\nUkrainian National University, 11 Lvivskast., 46009 Ternopil, Ukraine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4412-1344","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valerii","family":"Kyrylovych","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Robotics, Electric Power Engineering and Automation named after Prof. B.B. Samotokin,\r\nFaculty of Computer-Integrated Technologies, Mechatronics and Robotics, Zhytomyr Polytechnic State\r\nUniversity, Chudnivska St., 103, 10005 Zhytomyr, Ukraine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vyacheslav","family":"Svyrydov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ship Engineering and Power Engineering, Kherson Educational-Scientific Institute of the\r\nAdmiral Makarov National University of Shipbuilding, Nezalezhnosti Ave., 44, 73003 Kherson, Ukraine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2253-7776","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piotr","family":"Czarnywojtek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polytechnic Faculty, University of Kalisz, Pl. Wojciecha Bogus\u0142awskiego 2, 62-800 Kalisz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5398-4566","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marek","family":"D\u0119bczy\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polytechnic Faculty, University of Kalisz, Pl. Wojciecha Bogus\u0142awskiego 2, 62-800 Kalisz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"\u0141o\u015b","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Machine Parts and Mechanism, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Liberec, Studentsk\u00e1 1402\/2, 46117 Liberec, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6869-1392","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna Ewa","family":"\u0141o\u015b","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polytechnic Faculty, University of Kalisz, Pl. Wojciecha Bogus\u0142awskiego 2, 62-800 Kalisz, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Machine Parts and Mechanism, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Liberec, Studentsk\u00e1 1402\/2, 46117 Liberec, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1515\/jok-2015-0007","article-title":"The Valve Gear Systems Timing Parameters Identification for Marine Diesel Engines Diagnostics","volume":"33","author":"Lus","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Konbin"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engstruct.2020.110235","article-title":"Sensitivity analysis of subspace-based damage indicators under changes in ambient excitation covariance, severity and location of damage","volume":"208","author":"Aloisio","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eng. Struct."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116536","DOI":"10.1016\/j.measurement.2024.116536","article-title":"Robust data-driven online learning algorithm for precise structural damage localization using stochastic subspace identification","volume":"244","author":"Banerjee","year":"2025","journal-title":"Measurement"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"18","article-title":"Diagnostics of the state and prediction of the residual resource of parts in extreme operating conditions","volume":"2","author":"Perederyi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Mech. Eng. Transp."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"58","article-title":"Entropy model for determining the necessary information in the diagnostics of maritime transportation","volume":"113","author":"Sharko","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. J. 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