{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T18:40:11Z","timestamp":1781203211921,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]],"date-time":"2025-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766707200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014434","name":"Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BPS\/ZAW\/2023\/1\/00137"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BPS\/ZAW\/2023\/1\/00137"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014434","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education","award":["BS\/PB-200-301\/2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BS\/PB-200-301\/2025"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005357","name":"APVV","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["APVV-21-0396"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APVV-21-0396"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005357","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"VEGA agency of the Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sport of the Slovak Republic and the Slovak Academy of Sciences","award":["VEGA 1\/0199\/24"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VEGA 1\/0199\/24"]}]},{"name":"VEGA agency of the Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sport of the Slovak Republic and the Slovak Academy of Sciences","award":["VEGA 1\/0335\/25"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VEGA 1\/0335\/25"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this paper, the influence of the novel design of a ladle shroud (LS) on the liquid steel flow structure inside the working volume of a two-strand slab tundish was assessed, determining the best solutions for LS use to achieve the optimal level of active flow zones and protect the tundish lining. A 0.33 scale water model was used for physical experiments. Numerical simulations were carried out in the Ansys-Fluent 12.1 software for a 1:1 scale tundish. The effect of the influence of LS type, LS immersion depth, LS side ports position, LS misalignment and casting speed was examined. Finally, the use of the \u201cumbrella\u201d ladle shroud allows stable hydrodynamics to be maintained even with shroud misalignment. Moreover, the \u201cumbrella\u201d ladle shroud effectively decreases the average velocity of liquid steel inside the tundish and significantly decreases shear stresses and dynamic pressure at the tundish lining in the tundish pouring area.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma19010096","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T08:47:27Z","timestamp":1766998047000},"page":"96","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Influence of Novel \u201cUmbrella\u201d-Type Ladle Shroud on Liquid Steel Flow in a Two-Strand Slab Tundish: Physical and Numerical Modelling"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3509-5156","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam","family":"Cwudzi\u0144ski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Metallurgy and Metals Technology, Faculty of Production Engineering and Materials Technology, Czestochowa University of Technology, Armii Krajowej 19 Ave, 42-201 Czestochowa, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4793-9181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luk\u00e1\u0161","family":"Fogara\u0161","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Metallurgical Technologies and Digital Transformation, Faculty of Materials, Metallurgy and Recycling, Technical University of Ko\u0161ice, Letn\u00e1 1\/9, 042 00 Ko\u0161ice, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-5742-6962","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaroslav","family":"Demeter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Metallurgical Technologies and Digital Transformation, Faculty of Materials, Metallurgy and Recycling, Technical University of Ko\u0161ice, Letn\u00e1 1\/9, 042 00 Ko\u0161ice, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4387-7892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Demeter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Metallurgical Technologies and Digital Transformation, Faculty of Materials, Metallurgy and Recycling, Technical University of Ko\u0161ice, Letn\u00e1 1\/9, 042 00 Ko\u0161ice, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3507-8954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Branislav","family":"Bu\u013eko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Metallurgical Technologies and Digital Transformation, Faculty of Materials, Metallurgy and Recycling, Technical University of Ko\u0161ice, Letn\u00e1 1\/9, 042 00 Ko\u0161ice, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.1007\/s11663-000-0034-y","article-title":"Modeling of molten metal flow in a continuous casting process considering the effects of argon gas injection and static magnetic-field application","volume":"31","author":"Li","year":"2000","journal-title":"Metal. 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