{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T16:35:28Z","timestamp":1780590928886,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767052800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The manuscript concerns modern methods of preserving historical papers and presents research focusing on the effectiveness of paper strengthening with gelatin, Klucel G, and Tylose solutions in combination with deacidification using magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles. The aim of these procedures is to extend the durability of historical records on papers, which are an important part of humanity\u2019s cultural heritage. Gelatin and Klucel G dissolved in propyl alcohol were used simultaneously with the dispersion of Mg(OH)2 nanoparticles, and Tylose dissolved in water was applied after deacidification in a separate step. The experiments were conducted on Whatman model papers, artificially acidified or covered with iron gall ink. The evaluation of the effectiveness was based on tests of breaking length, changes in the DPvisc of cellulose, and pH of the aqueous extracts. Additional information was provided by microscopic examinations (SEM-EDX-SE) and measurements of the optical properties of the tested papers before and after the application of strengthening agents. All the strengthening agents tested increased paper strength\u2014Tylose to the greatest extent, followed by Gelatin, and Klucel G to the least extent. Model papers covered with Klucel G showed good dimensional stability. Gelatin-covered papers showed the greatest changes in optical properties.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma19010126","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T13:30:52Z","timestamp":1767187852000},"page":"126","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Comparison of the Effectiveness of Paper Strengthening with Gelatin, Klucel G, and Tylose Solutions in Combination with Deacidification Using Magnesium Hydroxide Nanoparticles"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2498-787X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renata","family":"Wojech","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Wood Chemical Technology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Pozna\u0144 University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 38\/42, 60-637 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3808-2772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Kwiatkowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Wood Chemical Technology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Pozna\u0144 University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 38\/42, 60-637 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grzegorz","family":"Cofta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Wood Chemical Technology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Pozna\u0144 University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 38\/42, 60-637 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6432-6278","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam","family":"W\u00f3jciak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Wood Chemical Technology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Pozna\u0144 University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 38\/42, 60-637 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Paper Conservation Using Aqueous Solution of Calcium Hydroxide\/methyl Cellulose: 1. 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