{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T01:39:37Z","timestamp":1792805977580,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768867200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Marmara University Scientific Research Project Commission","award":["FDK-2024-11223"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FDK-2024-11223"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02kswqa67","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study, we created multifunctional bone tissue engineering scaffolds that combine prophylactic antifungal action with structural support. We produced PVA\/CS\/HA\/BA nanofiber matrices via a specifically designed electrospinning technique to stop early cross-linking. Through SEM, our examination of fiber shape revealed diameters ranging from 178 \u00b1 53 nm to 330 \u00b1 69 nm. We discovered that this variation was closely correlated with the Boric Acid (BA) level. Our EDS and FTIR studies further showed that HA and BA were effectively mixed, with a specific focus on the production of borate-ester linkages inside the network. Mechanical examination revealed that 0.25 wt.% BA maximizes the tensile strength at 9.15 MPa, thereby closely matching HA-reinforced standards, while HA incorporation improved thermal stability. Moreover, in vitro hFOB experiments showed sustained cytocompatibility at 0.25 wt.% BA. While 0.5 wt.% BA showed strong antifungal action against Candida albicans, it sadly harmed cell viability. The 0.25 wt.% BA concentration ultimately offers a better balance between mechanical integrity and antibacterial action, therefore presenting a potential method for scaffold generation for bone regeneration in immunocompromised patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma19020412","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T17:20:42Z","timestamp":1768929642000},"page":"412","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Electrospun PVA\/CS\/HA\/BA Nanofiber Scaffolds with Enhanced Mechanical Stability and Antifungal Activity for Bone Tissue Engineering"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8214-4005","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yagizer","family":"Yavuz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul 34722, Turkey"},{"name":"Gedik Vocational School, Istanbul Gedik University, Istanbul 34913, Turkey"},{"name":"Center for Nanotechnology & Biomaterials Application and Research (NBUAM), Marmara University, Istanbul 34854, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9677-477X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilyas","family":"Kartal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Marmara University, Istanbul 34854, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sumeyye","family":"Cesur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Nanotechnology & Biomaterials Application and Research (NBUAM), Marmara University, Istanbul 34854, Turkey"},{"name":"Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Marmara University, Istanbul 34854, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5169-9999","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zehra","family":"Kanli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Nanotechnology & Biomaterials Application and Research (NBUAM), Marmara University, Istanbul 34854, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elif","family":"Kaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Health Sciences Institute, Marmara University, Istanbul 34854, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1080-4419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gulgun","family":"Tinaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Istanbul 34854, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4926-6489","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oguzhan","family":"Gunduz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Nanotechnology & Biomaterials Application and Research (NBUAM), Marmara University, Istanbul 34854, Turkey"},{"name":"Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Marmara University, Istanbul 34854, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Santin, M. 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