{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T13:15:30Z","timestamp":1770815730473,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769644800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004569","name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Regional Initiative of Excellence\u201d for the years 2024-2027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Regional Initiative of Excellence\u201d for the years 2024-2027"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004569","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Polylactide (PLA) composites were prepared and doped with starch (10% by weight), and mineral salts used as mineral fertilisers (MgSO4, KNO3, Ca(NO3)2 and Ca3(PO4)2) were prepared. The content of the added fertilisers was 2% by mass in the composites. The tensile strength properties of the obtained composites were tested. The effect of the addition of fertilisers on the structure of polylactide was analysed using spectroscopic methods (FTIR and FTRaman). The thermal properties of the obtained composites were tested using thermogravimetry (TG\/DTG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). PLA composites with fertilisers were tested for biodegradability in two types of soil\u2014field soil and horticultural soil\u2014and in compost. Biodegradability was assessed based on the mass loss of biodegraded composites, spectroscopic tests and visual assessment of changes occurring in the composites. Tests were performed on the respiratory activity of microorganisms in the compost extract in which the tested composites were placed. The addition of mineral salts used in the tested composites significantly influenced the biodegradation rate of the composites. Mineral compounds (MgSO4, KNO3 and Ca(NO3)2) added to the PLA\u2013starch composite improve its mechanical properties. It should also be noted that the addition of mineral salts to the prepared composites did not affect the chemical structure of polylactide. The addition of mineral salts to PLA also did not significantly affect its thermal properties, as demonstrated by DSC and TG thermal analysis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma19030547","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T16:08:17Z","timestamp":1769702897000},"page":"547","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Polylactide Composites with Mineral Fertilisers\u2014Properties and Biodegradation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4442-6348","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grzegorz","family":"\u015awiderski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E, 15-351 Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4408-3173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marek","family":"Ja\u0142brzykowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Engineering and Production, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Bia\u0142ystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45A, 15-351 Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0839-9891","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monika","family":"Kalinowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E, 15-351 Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5976-7420","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Paw\u0142owska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Environmenal Engineering and Energy, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 40B, 20-618 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2059-3435","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grzegorz","family":"Markiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Engineering and Production, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Bia\u0142ystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45A, 15-351 Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6820-1112","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emilia","family":"Bujnowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E, 15-351 Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8587-6711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnieszka Z.","family":"Wilczewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Polymers and Organic Synthesis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bia\u0142ystok, Cio\u0142kowskiego 1K, 15-245 Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6950-8932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jolanta","family":"Magnuszewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Polymers and Organic Synthesis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bia\u0142ystok, Cio\u0142kowskiego 1K, 15-245 Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1038\/s41529-022-00277-7","article-title":"Recent advances in biodegradable polymers for sustainable applications","volume":"6","author":"Samir","year":"2022","journal-title":"npj Mater. 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