{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T16:06:24Z","timestamp":1791993984644,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]],"date-time":"2026-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770595200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Open Project Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Environmental Adaptability of Industrial Products","award":["2025EASKJ-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025EASKJ-001"]}]},{"name":"Taishan Scholars Foundation of Shandong Province","award":["tsqn202408115"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["tsqn202408115"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Rubber sealing materials\u2019 aging behavior under challenging circumstances, such as high temperatures, oxygen exposure, or oil immersion, significantly effects how well they seal and how long they last. In order to systematically examine nitrile rubber\u2019s aging behavior and the evolution of mechanical properties under thermo\u2013oxidative and thermo-oil conditions, this study used accelerated high-temperature aging tests. Test results indicate that in a hot-oil environment, the rubber exhibits significant swelling, with mass increasing by up to 9.96%. Hardness undergoes a non-monotonic change, first decreasing and then increasing. In contrast, under thermal-oxidative conditions, hardness increases continuously, exhibiting a marked rise after 7 days of aging at 125 \u00b0C. Mechanical property tests revealed a substantial increase in elastic modulus after thermal\u2013oxygen aging. At 125 \u00b0C, the modulus rose from an initial 0.4128 MPa to 0.9626 MPa, representing an approximate 133% increase. The compression set reached 83.23% after 7 days of thermal\u2013oxygen aging at 125 \u00b0C, compared to 66.89% under thermal-oil conditions. Infrared spectroscopy analysis further indicates enhanced nitro groups and alterations in other functional groups during aging, confirming oxidative chain scission and crosslinking reactions. This study provides quantitative experimental evidence for predicting the service life and optimizing the performance of nitrile rubber under severe environmental conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma19040659","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]],"date-time":"2026-02-09T14:05:15Z","timestamp":1770645915000},"page":"659","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Study on the Mechanical Behavior of Nitrile Rubber Materials Under Thermal-Oil and Thermal\u2013Oxidative Aging in Service Environments"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Jun","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Environmental Adaptability for Industrial Products, China National Electric Apparatus Research Institute Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510663, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Di","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Rubber Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Environmental Adaptability for Industrial Products, China National Electric Apparatus Research Institute Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510663, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Environmental Adaptability for Industrial Products, China National Electric Apparatus Research Institute Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510663, China"},{"name":"Tibet Guoji Gaoyuan Mechatronics Equipment Scientific Research Co., Ltd., Lhasa 850000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiandiao","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Rubber Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi HanDe Axle Co., Ltd., Baoji 721000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3007-2972","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jian","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Rubber Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1991","DOI":"10.1021\/acsapm.9b00235","article-title":"Giant reversible barocaloric effects in nitrile butadiene rubber around room temperature","volume":"1","author":"Usuda","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Appl. 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