{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T04:28:34Z","timestamp":1791952114395,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772496000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["92565201"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["92565201"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["12274413"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12274413"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["12374135"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12374135"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["12374136"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12374136"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Key R&D Program of the MOST of China","award":["2024YFA1611103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024YFA1611103"]}]},{"name":"National Key R&D Program of the MOST of China","award":["2024YFA1408400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024YFA1408400"]}]},{"name":"Basic Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Based on Major Scientific Infrastructures","award":["JZHKYPT-2021-08"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JZHKYPT-2021-08"]}]},{"name":"Anhui Provincial Major S&T Project","award":["s202305a12020005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["s202305a12020005"]}]},{"name":"High Magnetic Field Laboratory of Anhui Province under Contract","award":["AHHM-FX-2020-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AHHM-FX-2020-02"]}]},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Program of Hefei Science Center, CAS","award":["2022HSC-CIP017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022HSC-CIP017"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The iron-based superconductor FeSe has garnered considerable attention, in no small part due to its rich physics as well as the unique coexistence of superconductivity and nematicity. The recent discovery of the superconducting diode effect (SDE)\u2014a non-reciprocal critical current with respect to the bias direction\u2014requires simultaneous breaking of time-reversal symmetry (TRS) and inversion symmetry (IS), making it a powerful transport signature of broken symmetries in superconductors. Notably, most reported SDEs rely on the application of an external magnetic field to break TRS, which significantly limits their practical applications in integrated superconducting electronics. Here, we report a field-free SDE in 45\u00b0-twisted FeSe Josephson junctions below 3\u00a0K, evidenced directly by the even symmetric dependence of the asymmetric critical current on the magnetic field. Under temperature modulation, the SDE is progressively suppressed and ultimately exhibits a polarity reversal at 2.2\u00a0K. Our findings provide compelling transport evidence for the field-free SDE in iron-based superconductor FeSe, offering a promising platform for exploring symmetry-breaking physics and developing low-dissipation superconducting electronic devices.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma19050972","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T15:29:53Z","timestamp":1772724593000},"page":"972","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Field-Free Superconducting Diode Effect in 45\u00b0-Twisted FeSe van der Waals Josephson Junctions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Juyuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China"},{"name":"Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Low-Energy Quantum Materials and Devices, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8881-5084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuandi","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Low-Energy Quantum Materials and Devices, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"},{"name":"Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hengning","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Low-Energy Quantum Materials and Devices, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"},{"name":"Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunsheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Low-Energy Quantum Materials and Devices, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"},{"name":"Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5189-5460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yue","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhixiang","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qun","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Low-Energy Quantum Materials and Devices, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guolin","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Low-Energy Quantum Materials and Devices, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0870-995X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mingliang","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Low-Energy Quantum Materials and Devices, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"},{"name":"School of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1038\/37323","article-title":"Observation of magneto-chiral dichroism","volume":"390","author":"Rikken","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1602390","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.1602390","article-title":"Nonreciprocal charge transport in noncentrosymmetric superconductors","volume":"3","author":"Wakatsuki","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. 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